Sentences with phrase «emissions range from»

Cumulative emissions range from 2043 GtCO2 to 3573 GtCO2 between 2000 and 2100.

CO2 emissions range from 78 to 82g / km, making the Prius a sensible option for company - car drivers.

The reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions range from 4.5 percent in the BMW 318d Gran Turismo to 13.8 percent for the BMW 320d Gran Turismo.

The sources of emissions range from bakeries to the regional hospital.»

The development of STEAM allows studies of ship emissions ranging from harbor scale to global applications.

The engine pushes out 178bhp and 400Nm with CO2 emissions ranging from 211 to 226g / km and fuel economy between 32.8 and 35.8 mpg.

For instance, all versions apart from the petrol - engined Skoda Octavia vRS are capable of more than 50mpg, with CO2 emissions ranging from 90g / km for the 1.6 - litre GreenLine III diesel to 142g / km for the 2.0 - litre petrol version of the vRS.

The global mean aerosol radiative forcing caused by the ship emissions ranges from -12.5 to -23 mW / m ^ 2, depending on whether the mixing between black carbon and sulfate is included in the model.

For the year 1990, when these estimates are included in total CO2 emissions, the percentage reductions in emissions ranged from 1 to 81 percent, and for Australia and the United Kingdom, the emissions added 24 and 3 percent, respectively.

To project future emissions from human activities, we used the SRES higher (A1FI) and lower (B1) emissions scenarios that capture to some extent the uncertainty in future climate due to human decisions [22], with CO2 emissions ranging from slightly less than present - day levels up to four times present - day levels by 2100.

Not exact matches

Blockchain is poised to inspire solutions to major challenges and solve problems facing us today ranging from construction management, identity management, trading carbon emissions to maintaining health records.

If we put a price on those emissions of $ 50 - 200 per tonne, reflecting some recent estimates of the external costs of carbon emissions, we get a range of $ 4 - 20 billion in environmental costs just from GHG emissions.

This sucker could transform lives in so many ways it's not even funny: besides charging economy - altering cellphones and giving children the ability to study after dark, it can help in areas ranging from health (the kerosene lamps currently typically used for night - time lighting are terrible on the lungs) to economics (kerosene can suck up 25 - 30 % of a family budget) to global warming (kerosene = carbon emissions).

In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.

From increased greenhouse gas emissions to water contamination, hydraulic fracturing to free natural gas poses a range of environmental challenges

The best estimates of the increase in global temperatures range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees C for the various emission scenarios, with higher emissions leading to higher temperatures.

The long - term warming over the 21st century, however, is strongly influenced by the future rate of emissions, and the projections cover a wide variety of scenarios, ranging from very rapid to more modest economic growth and from more to less dependence on fossil fuels.

In 2008, they drew on data covering 1980 to 2006 to argue that there had been «declining intensities of impact, from energy use and carbon emission to food consumption and fertiliser use, globally and in countries ranging from the US and France to China, India, Brazil and Indonesia» (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 105, p 12774).

The estimates of the rise in sea level during the 21st century range from about 30 to 40 centimeters, again depending on emissions.

The effects of building a massive concrete wall range from increased emissions to blocked wildlife migration routes

The researchers estimate that methane emissions from the distribution system range from approximately 393 to 854 gigagrams per year, which is between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of the methane delivered nationwide.

But 33 simple actions — ranging from improving the insulation to carpooling — could cut those annual carbon emissions by 123 million metric tons.

The benefits, according to Wellinghoff, range from «green» jobs to cutting by 80 percent emissions of the greenhouse gases causing climate change by 2050.

Images from Cassini's ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVIS), obtained from an unusually close range of about six Saturn radii, provided a look at the changing patterns of faint emissions on scales of a few hundred miles (kilometers) and tied the changes in the auroras to the fluctuating wind of charged particles blowing off the sun and flowing past Saturn.

And while Obama called the 18 December deal he brokered an «unprecedented breakthrough» in getting developing countries to agree for the first time to voluntary reductions in greenhouse - gas emissions, he knew that it was missing major components that supporters had sought, ranging from mandatory mitigation targets to deforestation.

And when US President Donald Trump announced he would withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement earlier this year, a range of US cities and states pledged to act on their own version of «Think globally, act locally,» by cutting local and regional carbon emissions in keeping with the goals of the Paris deal.

These particles come from various sources, ranging from campfires and leaf burning, to vehicle exhaust and power - plant emissions.

«These defendants,» Underwood said, speaking of the five polluters, «produce 650 million tons a year or 10 % of U.S. emissions, and individually they produce amounts ranging from 1 to 3.5 % of U.S. emissions.»

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

Scientists used modeling to simulate various growing scenarios, and found a climate footprint ranging from -11 to 10 grams of carbon dioxide per mega-joule — the standard way of measuring greenhouse gas emissions.

To understand the possible link between beta - amyloid accumulation and sleep, the researchers used positron emission tomography (PET) to scan the brains of 20 healthy subjects, ranging in age from 22 to 72, after a night of rested sleep and after sleep deprivation (being awake for about 31 hours).

«Car drivers can only benefit from the advantages of technology if there are enough hydrogen filling stations available: long ranges, short refueling times and no local emissions.»

After all, standards set in California — the eighth - largest economy in the world on its own — are often adopted at the federal level, ranging from emission standards for vehicles to efficiency settings for appliances.

This range is mostly free of interference from other radio sources, such as emission from electrons spiralling around galactic magnetic fields.

The approaches range from curbing emissions from power plants to creating large wetlands to collect nitrogen from fertilizer that runs off fields.

But the federal government will cut its own greenhouse gas emissions — at facilities ranging from the U.S. Department of Defense to the Post Office — by 28 percent by 2020, regardless of legislative action, per plans released today to fulfill an Obama administration executive order.

It calls for phasing out a wide range of mercury products and curbing emissions from major sources.

Either way, the effect is to increase the bandgap from about 1 electronvolt for crystalline silicon to between 2 and 3 electronvolts for porous silicon, enough to shift the emission from the infrared into the visible range.

Even if we stopped all emissions tomorrow, temperatures would keep rising for decades, with potentially catastrophic consequences ranging from famines to rapid sea - level rise.

On the high end, recent work suggests that 4 feet is plausible.23, 3,6,7,8 In the context of risk - based analysis, some decision makers may wish to use a wider range of scenarios, from 8 inches to 6.6 feet by 2100.10,2 In particular, the high end of these scenarios may be useful for decision makers with a low tolerance for risk (see Figure 2.26 on global sea level rise).10, 2 Although scientists can not yet assign likelihood to any particular scenario, in general, higher emissions scenarios that lead to more warming would be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level rise.

To probe how stars of all masses develop over their lifespan, their emissions in the range from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) are particularly important.

By comparison, scenarios for fossil fuel emissions for the 21st century range from about 600 billion tons (if we can keep total global emissions at current levels) to over 2500 billion tons if the world increases its reliance on combustion of coal as economic growth and population increase dramatically.

The colors in the image represent a range of emissions coming from the clouds... Read more

The slowing of the pulsar's spin also supplies the energy needed to account for the nonthermal, or synchrotron, emission from the Crab Nebula, which ranges from X-rays to gamma rays.

Researchers from the US and China have determined that a duckweed biorefinery producing a range of gasoline, diesel and kerosene products can be economically competitive with petroleum - based processes, even in some cases without environmental legislation that penalizes greenhouse gas emissions.

We encourage you to investigate and include significant direct and indirect emissions from all fuels, including conventional petroleum, heavy oils, natural gas for transportation, oil sand - based fuels, and the range of fuels used to power electrified transportation, consistent with the best available science.

Periods of volcanism can cool the climate (as with the 1991 Pinatubo eruption), methane emissions from increased biological activity can warm the climate, and slight changes in solar output and orbital variations can all have climate effects which are much shorter in duration than the ice age cycles, ranging from less than a decade to a thousand years in duration (the Younger Dryas).

Raw intensity values for GCaMP6s emission were recorded as mean pixel intensities (value range: 0 — 65,535) for each ROI at each time point and exported from ImageJ.

Due to different emission processes coherent radiation in the radio frequency range is emitted by the air shower which primarily originates from its well - understood electromagnetic part.

This band covers a wide range of radio emission lines from various atoms and molecules, and one of the most attractive targets is the emission from atomic carbon at 0.6 mm.