States can opt to implement
emissions standards approaches or state measures approaches, or even a combination of both (the mix falling under a «state measures» definition).
Not exact matches
In his new paper, Lovejoy applies the same
approach to the 15 - year period after 1998, during which globally averaged temperatures remained high by historical
standards, but were somewhat below most predictions generated by the complex computer models used by scientists to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas
emissions.
With more money for development of novel designs and public financial support for construction — perhaps as part of a clean energy portfolio
standard that lumps in all low - carbon energy sources, not just renewables or a carbon tax — nuclear could be one of the pillars of a three - pronged
approach to cutting greenhouse gas
emissions: using less energy to do more (or energy efficiency), low - carbon power, and electric cars (as long as they are charged with electricity from clean sources, not coal burning).
The government will continue to «lurch back and forth» between so - called command - and - control
standards on carbon
emissions and the deregulatory
approach favored by conservatives without such a policy, Mankiw argued, which «makes long - term planning all the more difficult.»
Honda did away with the CVCC head design, as more stringent
emissions standards required a new
approach and the use of a catalytic converter.
Historically, analysts take a conservative
approach with uncertainty in China, particularly those driven by government action such as the enforcement of
emission standards.
In contrast to other
approaches, an
emission performance
standard that limits new plant
emissions to levels achievable with CCS systems would provide certainty that new coal plants in fact capture and store
• Flexible
approaches to motivate achieving CO2
emission limits that may vary by economic sector, and could include, depending on the sector, market - based incentives; governmental loan guarantees; investment tax credits; performance
standards; tax reform; incentives for technology research, development and deployment; and other appropriate policy tools.
To reflect the ministry's conservative
approach to dealing with noise
emissions from wind turbines and to support the adoption of the 2013 CSA
standard, three amendments are being proposed to the definition of «sound power level» in the REA Regulation to provide clarity:
Michigan is also part of the Midwestern Power Sector Collaborative, which is pondering a regional
approach to complying with the new
emissions standards.
The drawback of this
approach is that it would require EPA to weaken the new source rule's
standards — even ultra-supercritical coal plants can not reach the
emissions performance of natural gas plants or coal plants with CCS.
The Clean Energy
Standard [PDF] requires two
approaches for utilities, electric companies, and other load serving entities (LSEs) to help New York meet clean energy and climate goals: meeting a Renewable Energy
Standard through the purchase of Tier 1 RECs and a requirement to purchase zero -
emissions credits (ZEC).
The
standard economic
approach to carbon dioxide
emissions treats them as a «negative externality» because they reputedly will lead to harmful climate change in the future.
While increasing CAFE
standards will reduce CO2
emissions, the benefits of this
approach take time to accrue and decrease as people increase the number of miles they drive.
As it did in the 2012
standards, the agency, in developing the proposal and final
standards, will focus on in - use technologies, current industry practices, emerging innovations and streamlined and flexible regulatory
approaches to ensure that
emissions reductions can be achieved as oil and gas production and operations continue to grow.
176.1 (1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations establishing programs and other measures for the use of economic and financial instruments and market - based
approaches, including without being limited to
emissions trading, for the purposes of maintaining or improving existing environmental
standards, protecting the environment and achieving environmental quality goals in a cost effective manner.