The economics of rate - based environmental regulations have not been well developed, and a serious potential problem exists: technological innovations that reduce the cost of clean energy can lead to an increase in overall
emissions under this approach.
Not exact matches
In light of these matters, why would we want to expend the energy and resources to treat a symptom of planetary CO2 poisoning and take all the risks that LG describes when it pretty clear that the best
approach is a wildly ambitious conversion to very low
emission energy / transportation / agriculture systems followed by a wildly ambitious global program of CO2 sequestration / removal from the oceans and / or atmosphere to push the needle back down
under 400 ppm in a decade or two at most?
: Re sunshades, yes, what LG said at 14, plus, the shades do nothing to reduce the ocean acidification... why would we want to expend the energy and resources to treat a symptom of planetary CO2 poisoning and take all the risks that LG describes when it pretty clear that the best
approach is a wildly ambitious conversion to very low
emission energy / transportation / agriculture systems **** concurrent with, and achieved by the same means, *** a wildly ambitious global program of CO2 sequestration / removal... and...
under *** 300 ppm *** in 20 — 100 years, at most?
# 30 mike said: Re sunshades, yes, what LG said at 14, plus, the shades do nothing to reduce the ocean acidification... why would we want to expend the energy and resources to treat a symptom of planetary CO2 poisoning and take all the risks that LG describes when it pretty clear that the best
approach is a wildly ambitious conversion to very low
emission energy / transportation / agriculture systems **** followed by *** a wildly ambitious global program of CO2 sequestration / removal... and...
under *** 400 ppm *** in *** a decade or *** two at most?
In his book, Lomborg proposes that a modest carbon tax could pay for all of this work at a fraction the cost of a cap on
emissions of greenhouse gases, the
approach pursued by Europe
under the Kyoto Protocol (and rejected in the United States).
This shift away from CO2 - centric
emissions debates is also evident in a group blog post by analysts at the Center for American Progress, who propose a «multiple multilateralism»
approach on climate that, among other things, seeks quick steps on sources of warming other than carbon dioxide — particularly sooty Arctic pollution and gases already considered
under the existing ozone - protection treaty.
[Parties [are encouraged to][may][support and] implement][The [mechanism][framework] for] policy
approaches and positive incentives for reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks [and associated non-carbon benefits]; as well as [the [mechanism][framework] for] alternative policy
approaches such as joint mitigation and adaptation
approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests; [and also the associated non-carbon benefits]; [which] consist of the decisions, methods and guidance already adopted
under the Convention; [Parties are encouraged [to support their effective implementation][to implement] the [mechanism [s]-RSB-[framework [s]-RSB--RSB-.
Wow, that's an interesting scientific
approach to a new phenomenon, assuming that it's unique (there are now two other examples, by the way) assuming that the
emissions were of gaseous methane
under pressure rather than solid methane hydrate continuing to dissociate, assuming no methane flows in from surrounding areas, and so on.
Other
approaches to safeguarding the bears, like the push by some environmental groups to restrict
emissions of greenhouse gases
under the Endangered Species Act, are likely to be about as effective as trying to stop a bus from rolling down a hill by suing the manufacturer over faulty brakes.
This is why and how such an
approach could work: Supreme Court Decision Sets Legal Precedent Since the 2007 ruling by the Supreme Court that carbon dioxide
emissions are a pollutant subject to regulation by the EPA
under the Clean Air Act, a legal precedent exists,
This fact sheet presents various
approaches to reduce
emissions from deforestation in developing countries
under the UNFCCC and the Bali frameworks.
Both environmental and economic cases can thus be made for regulating methane
emissions with comparable
approaches across the three countries — for instance,
under a single North American cap - and - trade system.
Due to its rapid economic development, per capita
emissions in China are quickly
approaching levels common in the industrialised countries of the Annex I group
under the Kyoto Protocol.
SDM supports the implementation of the three Kyoto mechanisms - the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI), and International
Emissions Trading (IET), as well as the elaboration of new mechanisms
under the Convention: Framework for Various
Approaches (FVA), Non-Market-Based
Approaches (NMA) and the New - Market - Based Mechanism (NMM).
-- The report required
under paragraph (1) shall also identify opportunities and recommendations, including action
under existing authorities, to achieve significant black carbon
emission reductions in foreign countries through technical assistance or other
approaches to --
Note that there's some uncertainty over how high, exactly, China's
emissions are expected peak in 2030, but no matter what assumptions you use, they're expected to peak much higher (the orange lines) than what would be required
under «inertia» or «equity»
approaches to stay below 2 °C:
States can opt to implement
emissions standards
approaches or state measures
approaches, or even a combination of both (the mix falling
under a «state measures» definition).
The transfer mechanism
under a quantity
approach takes place through the allocation of baseline
emissions.
...
Under a price
approach, the natural baseline is a zero - carbon - tax level of
emissions, which is a straightforward calculation for old and new countries (more on this below).
In calculations for Slate, Michael Shellenberger, one of the founders of the «ecomodernist» philosophy that advocates for a technology - focused
approach to tackling climate change that includes support for nuclear power, figured out that «
under Sanders» proposal to not re-license nuclear plants, U.S. carbon
emissions would increase by a minimum of 2 billion tons, about the same amount as the U.S. produces each year making electricity.»
It shows that adopting best in - country solutions from provincial leaders
under a unifying national
approach would make serious headway in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions.
65) The globe's current
approach to climate change in which major industrialised countries agree to nonsensical targets for their CO2
emissions by a given date, as it has been
under the Kyoto system, is very expensive.
RFF experts Arthur G. Fraas and Nathan Richardson examined the questions associated with implementing a carbon tax versus regulating
emissions under the Clean Air Act, looking at issues including scope, cost - effectiveness, ability to generate revenue, and the impact on international climate negotiations for either policy
approach — finding that «there's no easy answer to whether regulation or a carbon price is the better instrument.»
The proposed economy - wide tax could enable the United States to achieve its international
emissions targets with better economic outcomes than
under a purely regulatory
approach.
If forests globally were to become a net source of carbon to the atmosphere in the future — an all - too - plausible scenario
under climate change — the EF would
approach infinity, since additional forest would augment human carbon
emissions rather than offset them.
Paragraph 2: Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results - based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed
under the Convention for: policy
approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy
approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation
approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such
approaches.
An EPA - sponsored Utility MACT Working Group composed of 29 experts from the utility industry, state and local air quality offices and environmental groups were confident that a Utility MACT rule, mandated
under the Clean Air Act due to mercury's toxicity, would be EPA's
approach to control mercury
emissions from power plants.
An alternative
approach uses simple climate model projections of global warming
under stabilisation to scale AOGCM patterns of climate change assuming unmitigated
emissions, and then uses the resulting scenarios to assess regional impacts (e.g., Bakkenes et al., 2006).