In this chapter, I will focus my discussion of
emotion socialization on three areas: the role played by cultural display rules and imitation; the impact of gender differences in infant temperament and language development on socialization; and the sometimes surprising influence of processes of differentiation between mothers» and children's emotional expressiveness.
Parents strongly shape emotional experience and emotion regulation (ER) in their children, but, interestingly, the effect of parental
emotion socialization on ER appears to be partially mediated by autonomic processes [2].
The same is true for studies examining the effect of parental
emotion socialization on child social - emotional development.
The Indirect Effects of Maternal
Emotion Socialization on Friendship Quality in Middle Childhood.
The Indirect Effects of Maternal
Emotion Socialization on Friendship Quality in Middle Childhood.
Not exact matches
A recent study found that that the
emotion socialization strategies mothers used
on their 5 - year - olds predicted changes in how well their children regulated their own
emotions.
Based
on the theory about the role of parent
emotion socialization practice in shaping children's emotional and behavioural competence.
In both studies, based
on our rationale described above, we expected to find significant relationships between higher CU traits and a more negative pattern of parental
emotion socialization beliefs and practices; including less coaching and acceptance of
emotions, and more dismissing and disapproval of
emotions.
This paper reports
on two separate studies that examined unique dimensions of parental
emotion socialization in relation to childhood CU traits, using different methods and independent samples of families.
Specifically, mothers of children rated higher
on CU traits appear to have
emotion socialization beliefs and practices that are less accepting, and more dismissing, of child
emotion.
Recent treatment studies demonstrate that parents can improve
on various aspects of their
emotion socialization practices in the context of interventions that also target child behavioral problems [32, 73].
Moreover, the emotional processing deficits associated with CU traits, may predispose parents of children elevated
on these traits to significant challenges throughout their task of
emotion socialization.
Below we will delineate the particular
emotion - related characteristics of children with elevated CU traits, and then we will discuss theory and prior research
on parental
emotion socialization, and its significance for children manifesting these traits.
To this end, we reported
on results from two independent, yet complementary studies that assessed unique dimensions of parental
emotion socialization.
Considering the current findings and that there has been very limited research
on paternal behavior in relation to CU traits in general, it will be an important endeavor for future research to continue to investigate the differential importance of mothers» and fathers»
emotion socialization styles as predictors of levels of CU traits.
Further, despite accumulated findings
on parental
socialization, and early childhood research that shows that teachers are engaging in
emotion socialization behaviours, we know little about how teachers (or, for that matter, peers or siblings) socialize children's EC.34 Research is also needed to discern possible indirect contributors to EC, such as parental psychopathology, divorce, poverty and child care quality.
These findings suggest the importance of considering contextual influences
on the
emotion socialization process and offer potential avenues to foster adaptive emotional development in the context of high risk.
Furthermore, to date research
on the effects of parental psychological problems
on emotion socialization focused mainly
on parents» internalizing symptoms, such as depressed mood and (to a lesser extent) anxiety, while little attention has been given to the potential negative consequences of parents» externalizing symptoms like outbursts of anger and impulsive behavior.
However, the indirect effect of parental psychopathology symptoms
on child social - emotional development via parents»
emotion socialization behaviors has rarely been studied.
The second path representing the influence of parents»
emotion socialization behaviors
on various domains of child social - emotional development has also been well - documented, albeit again mostly for mothers (e.g., Eisenberg et al. 2003; Grimbos et al. 2013) and to a lesser extent for fathers (e.g., Denham et al. 2010).
In a related vein, although there is increasing evidence that fathers and mothers differ in both the quantity and content of their
emotion socialization behavior (Fivush et al. 2000; Van der Pol et al. 2015; Zaman and Fivush 2013), fathers are underrepresented in studies
on the determinants and consequences of
emotion socialization during early childhood.