Animal research also makes clear that withdrawing parental behaviours that fail to soothe the infant's fearful
arousal are associated with enduring hyper -
arousal of the stress response system.12, 13 Therefore, Lyons - Ruth, Bronfman and Atwood suggest that both fearful
affect generated by the parent and fearful
affect generated from other sources in the context of parental
emotional unavailability may contribute to infant disorganization.14, 15 A spectrum of parental behaviours has been shown by meta - analysis to be associated with infant disorganization.
Research in adults indicates that high IS is linked to greater
emotional arousal [38, 39], less alexithymia [40], and, interestingly, also better downregulation of negative
affect via cognitive reappraisal [41].