Comprehensive theoretical models of adolescent problem
behavior propose risk and promotive factors at multiple levels of the social environment, including the family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts.1 — 3 In addition, growing attention is focused on promoting
positive youth development,
encouraging health - promoting
behavior, and investing in resources for youth.4 — 7 Thus, a holistic and comprehensive approach to optimizing adolescent development requires an understanding of factors related to both reducing problem
behavior and increasing
positive, competent youth
behavior.
The agency's home visitation intervention used the Parent Aides Nurturing and Developing With Adolescents curriculum.25 The curriculum was based on theories of human ecology, attachment, and social support, which emphasize that
positive child development is promoted by nurturing, empathetic parenting and is influenced by the characteristics of families and social networks.25 (pp1 - 9), 26 The home visitor was to use the curriculum in weekly home visits with the teenager to teach and model nurturing parenting
behaviors,
encourage the teenager to continue with her education, make general assessments of
health and social problems, and initiate referral for early intervention when necessary.