Though focused on
end uses of natural gas, the paper also shows how results are affected by highly uncertain leak rates from natural gas production and delivery.
Not exact matches
While Alberta has promised to
end coal - fired electricity by 2030, and is building 5,000 megawatts
of renewable energy capacity, it will also allow some
of those coal units to convert to
using inefficient fracked
natural gas.
At the start
of 2018, about 60 %
of California's
natural gas vehicle fleets
used renewable
natural gas, and that number is expected to reach 90 % by year
end.
Just as oil and
natural gas fields have been found to be emitting more methane than official government estimates suggest, a new study shows that more methane than previously thought may be leaking from the other
end of that system — cities, where people actually
use natural gas for heating and cooking.
$ 8 billion) over first ten years for deficit reductionObeys PAYGO; Starting in 2026, 25 %
of auction revenues for deficit reductionFuels and TransportationIncrease biofuels to 60 million gallons by 2030, low - carbon fuel standard
of 10 % by 2010, 1 million plug» in hybrid cars by 2025, raise fuel economy standards, smart growth funding,
end oil subsidies, promote
natural gas drilling, enhanced oil recoverySmart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, raise fuel economy standards $ 7 billion a year for smart growth funding, plug - in hybrids,
natural gas vehicles, raise fuel economy standards; offshore drilling with revenue sharing and oil spill veto,
natural gas fracking disclosureCost ContainmentInternational offsetsOffset pool, banking and borrowing flexibility, soft price collar
using permit reserve auction at $ 28 per ton going to 60 % above three - year - average market price» Hard» price collar between $ 12 and $ 25 per ton, floor increases at 3 % + CPI, ceiling at 5 % + CPI, plus permit reserve auction, offsets like W - MClean Air Act And StatesNot discussedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade suspended until 2017, EPA to set stationary source performance standards in 2016, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade pre-empted, establishes coal - fired plant performance standards, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedInternational CompetitivenessTax incentives for domestic auto industryFree allowances for trade - exposed industries, 2020 carbon tariff on importsCarbon tariff on importsReferences: Barack Obama, 2007; Barack Obama, 8/3/08; Pew Center, 6/26/09; leaked drafts
of American Power Act, 5/11/10.
(C) Cost - effective energy efficiency programs for
end -
use consumers
of electricity,
natural gas, home heating oil, or propane, including, where appropriate, programs or mechanisms administered by local governments and entities other than the State.
-- Cost - effective energy efficiency programs for
end -
use consumers
of electricity,
natural gas, home heating oil, or propane.
The study found that
natural gas end use sources — like
gas meters, furnaces, boilers and hot water heaters — as well as landfills, are responsible for a large portion
of urban methane emissions.
But this has not been the
end of the story, for with these newer solvents coming from the fermentation industries, attention has been concentrated upon them and we find them now coming from petroleum, from the chlorination
of fractions
of natural gas, and from synthesis, in which
gases are polymerized to form a never -
ending list
of» new solvents for special
uses.
That «fracturing» process for
natural gas is accompanied by
use of toxic chemicals that often
end up poisoning local waterways and aquifers.
The Department
of Environmental Conservation announced late today that it was releasing a revised set
of recommendations for managing, but not
ending,
natural gas extraction
using the contentious hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, technique.
The report
ends with pages and pages
of data on their footprint; the reductions in electricity
use and
natural gas saved are extraordinary.
Saudi Arabia is the second largest country subsidizing
end -
use fossil fuel prices, providing 69 percent
of its $ 71.3 billion in fossil fuel consumption subsidies to oil, 19 percent to electricity, and 12 percent to
natural gas in 2014.
Weiss said that, while
natural gas burns cleaner, the NETL study concluded that the
end - to -
end emissions involved in moving U.S.
natural gas to an LNG export facility, then liquefying it, then shipping it across the ocean, then de-liquefying it, and shipping it to users in other countries, would be as energy and emissions intensive, or more, than
using regionally produced coal — i.e., because
of the LNG export supply chain, it has no advantage over coal.
(Sec. 133) Requires the Secretary to promulgate regulations establishing a program to distribute allowances to Indian tribes on a competitive basis for: (1) cost - effective energy efficiency programs for
end -
use consumers
of electricity,
natural gas, home heating oil, or propane; and (2) deployment
of technologies to generate electricity from renewable energy resources.
-- Cost - effective energy efficiency programs for
end -
use consumers
of electricity,
natural gas, home heating oil, or propane.
Saudi Arabia is the second - leading subsidizer
of end -
use fossil fuel prices, providing 61 percent
of its $ 48.6 billion in fossil fuel consumption subsidies to oil, 26 percent to electricity, and 14 percent to
natural gas in 2015.
The scenario combines the following elements: efficient electricity
end -
use; hydroelectric power; nuclear power; efficient
gas turbine technologies fired with
natural gas;
use of coal - derived hydrogen in fuel cells; and biomass - integrated gasifier /
gas turbine technologies.
Therefore, actual methane leakage rates into the atmosphere from
natural gas need to be based on the sum
of leakage from all
of these sources that include production, transmission, and
end use.
Methane emissions from
natural gas delivery and
end use must be quantified to evaluate the environmental impacts
of natural gas and to develop and assess the efficacy
of emission reduction...
Paris, the City
of Light, which earned its moniker by early on adapting
natural gas to light its public spaces, hosts COP21 (the 21st Conference
of the Parties)-- often referred to as the UN Climate Change Conference — that aims to
end the
use of fossil fuels.
A new ICF report finds that total
end -
use cost savings
of $ 100 billion could reach by 2040, or $ 655 per household, from the increased
use of natural gas throughout the economy.
Most recent analyses
of the environmental impact
of natural gas have focused on production, with very sparse information on emissions from distribution and
end use.
Methane emissions from
natural gas delivery and
end use must be quantified to evaluate the environmental impacts
of natural gas and to develop and assess the efficacy
of emission reduction strategies.
Using government statistics and geospatial data on
natural gas use, we find the average fractional loss rate to the atmosphere from all downstream components
of the
natural gas system, including transmission, distribution, and
end use, was 2.7 ± 0.6 % in the Boston urban region, with little seasonal variability.
Instead, she revealed: it «is about the decarbonisation
of the economy» — which means
ending the
use of fossil fuels, such as
natural gas, oil, and coal.
This is the leakage
of the methane, which forms the largest part
of natural gas, into the atmosphere at any stage from extraction to
end use.
At this workshop, the Committee expects the staff and load serving entities (LSEs) to present their 10 - year forecasts
of electricity demand and consumption, and, where appropriate,
natural gas end -
use consumption, including discussion
of the methods, data, and assumptions
used to develop those forecasts.
Total
end -
use cost savings
of $ 100 billion by 2040 — or $ 655 per U.S. household — could be realized with increased supply
of natural gas.
Natural gas end uses in residential and commercial buildings in California account for only about 7 percent
of greenhouse
gas emissions in the state.
And as for the homeowner paying high
gas bills:»... The U.S. currently burns about 13 billion cubic feet per day
of natural gas for electricity generation, which means that by the
end of the year wind power will be reducing
natural gas use for power generation by 4 - 5 percent».
It is because so little energy is being
used, and because alternatives are ruled out ab initio (the model contains no nuclear power, and no technology for storing away carbon emissions from fossil fuels;
natural gas prices rise strongly and coal plants are retired well before they are clapped out) that the model
ends up with such a high percentage
of renewables; indeed given the premise it's slightly surprising it doesn't
end up with even more.