The World Health Organization reports that although the parasitic illness has almost disappeared in countries where sanitation has improved, children remain especially vulnerable in
endemic regions due to their elevated contact with dirt.
Due to increasing demand for cheaper environmental services, to the delay in implementing waste legislation, and to low ethical business values, environmental crimes become
endemic — and not only in southern
regions.
Diagnosis of canine dirofilariosis in animals which originate from a low -
endemic region is difficult for 3 main reasons: 1) possible absence of circulating microfilariae (occult disease), 2) high frequency of a low number of adults, which in turn produces false negative results, using either ELISA or latex agglutination test, 3) possible false sero - positive results,
due to cross-reaction with adult antigens of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens (Schrey, 1996), the agent of subcutaneous dirofilariasis causing chronic pruritic dermatitis in dogs (Tarello, 1999).