Sentences with word «endoderm»

San Diego, CA (June 3, 2009)-- Novocell, Inc., a stem cell engineering company, today announced that it has received U.S. Patent No. 7,541,185 with method claims covering the use of endoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for drug discovery.

Red indicates cells of endoderm lineage.

Immunofluorescence staining of definitive endoderm markers (Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4) was carried out (c)--(n).

However, cells derived from the early epiblast are only able to contribute to embryonic lineages and not those derived from the PrEn [18]--[20], while PrEn cells can only contribute to their own lineage by colonizing the visceral and mostly parietal endoderm in chimera experiments [20]--[22].

A more recent study showed overlapping expression of nanog with GATA - 6 and a Pdgfra reporter, markers of the primitive endoderm lineage, from the morula to the 64 cell stages [8], suggesting a gradual transition from a pluripotency program to a committed state.

We show that the fraction of cells present within this state is influenced by factors that both promote and suppress primitive endoderm differentiation, but conditions that support ES cell self - renewal prevent their progression into differentiation and support an equilibrium between this state and at least one other that resembles the Nanog positive inner cell mass of the mammalian blastocysts.

The Venus positive population does not efficiently contribute to somatic lineages, appears at the outside of EBs, and has the capacity to colonize the visceral and parietal endoderm in chimeras.

For definitive endoderm differentiation, EBs suspended for six days were plated onto matrigel - covered dishes with a low concentration of FBS (0.5 %) and a high concentration of recombinant Activin A (50 ng / ml) for five days.

We also confirmed that this high level of Venus expression reflected quantitative induction of both endogenous Hex and another anterior endoderm marker Cerberus (Figure S2).

(D) Sections of EBs grown under the same conditions as in part (C), showing that the outer layer consists of visceral endoderm as marked by Gata6, FoxA2, and Sox17 immunostaining (shown as red).

In the study, the scientists first used pharmaceutical and genetic molecules to reprogram skin cells into endoderm progenitor cells — early developmental cells that have already been designated to mature into one of a number of different types of organs.

Amongst the populations that expressed HIGH or MID levels of stem cell surface antigens, coexpression of transcripts for endoderm or mesoderm genes predominated, but in the LOW and NEG populations, there were significant numbers of cells expressing neural lineage markers, in particular Pax - 6 (Figure 3d).

U.S. Patent No. 7,510,876, issued on March 31, 2009 is directed to an in vitro human endoderm composition.

Pancreatic endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells generates glucose - responsive insulin - secreting cells in vivo.

HV clones were differentiated in aggregation culture in the presence of activin under conditions designed to promote anterior endoderm differentiation and Hex expression.

Differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm [21] or neural progenitors [33] are frequent early outcomes of spontaneous differentiation when human ES cells are cultured in the presence of a feeder cell layer, and it is interesting to speculate that the cells are being primed for these fates.

«Discovering a molecular pathway of endoderm formation was unchartered territory in itself,» said Stainier.

Oct4 was expressed through the V − S +, V+S +, V − S − fractions and down - regulated in V+S −, while the Id transcripts appeared to follow the PrEn genes, suggesting that they function to block neural differentiation in an early endoderm sub-population.

The underlying interference proceedings centered on the Company's definitive endoderm patent, U.S. Patent No. 7,510,876.

One of these cells types, characterized by both the expression of the Venus transgene and the ES cells marker SSEA - 1 (V+S +), appears to represent an early step in primitive endoderm specification.

In support of this idea, Beddington and Robertson originally observed ES cell contribution to all the extra-embryonic lineages, but in particular to parietal endoderm [23].

Pancreatic endoderm progenitor cells can mediate islet regeneration in mice [2, 3] and the study used such cells differentiated from iPSCs [2, 4] throughout the study.

Abbreviations: BrdU, 5 - bromo -2-deoxyuridine; CMZ, ciliary marginal zone; EFTF, eye field transcription factor; ERG, electroretinogram; GABA, gamma - aminobutyric acid; LE, lateral endoderm; N, number of animals or eyes; PNP, posterior neural plate; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein

Norris and coworkers then tested the «migration model» by loss of the GPCR / chemokine receptor, cxcr4a and suggest that Toddler indirectly affects endoderm migration via Cxcr4 signaling.

The ability of Nanog to suppress early Hex positive endoderm states is consistent with both the mutually exclusive nature of Nanog and Gata6 expression in vivo [17] and the ability of Nanog to suppress Gata6 positive PrEn differentiation, in vitro [39].

«Novocell is a leader in differentiation of stem cells to create functional islet cells of the pancreas, and this broad patent significantly enhances our proprietary position and further secures our investment in the development of a diabetes cell therapy and potentially other endoderm - derived cell products,» said Edward Baetge, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of Novocell.

Specifically the disputed question is whether Toddler acts early, to enhance Nodal signaling, and therefore to specify endoderm cells; or, alternatively, whether it acts later, to control the migration of mesendoderm.

The majority of cells expressing aplnrB in embryos lacking endoderm are internalized and unlikely to be ectodermal.

That we have observed a direct contribution of ES cells to both visceral and parietal endoderm also has implications for canonical definitions of pluripotency.

«The efficient production of endoderm represents the first critical step in the creation of a renewable islet source derived from hES cells that is targeted at restoring normal glucose regulation in diabetic patients.»

Hydra skin has two layers, the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm, which the team labeled with the colors green and magenta, respectively.

«Instead of taking the skin cells back to the beginning, we took them only part way, creating endoderm - like cells,» added Gladstone and CIRM Postdoctoral Scholar Saiyong Zhu, PhD, one of the paper's lead authors.

But the researchers discovered, much to their surprise, that when the underlying endoderm layer was not in place, the heart buds did not migrate toward one another; instead, they formed two hearts, a condition known as cardia bifida.

Initial imaging analysis of fluorescently labelled human iPSC - derived hepatic endoderm cells, umbilical cord - derived endothelial cells (HUVECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured in a solidified matrix gel to promote 3D growth found that the different cells collectively and automatically «condensed» into a multicellular central unit.

Our technology enables the identification of potential endoderm differentiation factors, leading to potential discovery of new drugs & agents for research, and, ultimately, therapeutic use.»

(A) iPS cells can form embryoid bodies (EB) and can differentiate in vitro to endoderm shown by alpha fetoprotein (AFP)(B), mesoderm shown by smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin (D, E), and ectoderm shown by GFAP and SMI31 staining (G, H).

As expected, Venus expression was detected in the pharyngeal pouch endoderm, endocardium, inter-somitic vessels, and dorsal aorta (Figure 1D).

Moreover, as it has recently been shown that VE can contribute to the embryonic gut [55], the distinction between visceral and definitive endoderm begins to blur and the inability of ES cells to contribute to the VE becomes more puzzling.

First, increased endoderm specification in toddler; lefty2 double mutants does not alleviate toddler mutant defects (Figures 1 and 2).

The presence or absence of endoderm does not affect lateral mesodermal cell migration in wild - type and toddler mutants.

The epiblast is the source of all embryonic tissue and the PrEn the source of both extra-embryonic endoderm lineages, visceral and parietal.

On the other hand, cells of line 4.1 differentiated into endoderm lineages more easily than cells of line 11.1 (data not shown).

(C) V+S + cells contribute to the presumed visceral endoderm in chimeric EBs.

«We have patent protection for both human endoderm (U.S. Patent No. 7,510,876 issued on March 31, 2009) and now for its implementation in drug discovery,» said E. Emmanuel Baetge, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer for Novocell.

Endoderm markers were GATA - 4, GATA - 6, and SOX - 17; Mesoderm markers were GSC, MIXL1, and T; Neural markers were PAX - 6 and LHX - 2.

These colonies consisted of flat epithelial cells and had a morphology typical of extraembryonic endoderm cells previously characterized in our laboratory [21].