Sentences with phrase «endoderm cells»

Specifically the disputed question is whether Toddler acts early, to enhance Nodal signaling, and therefore to specify endoderm cells; or, alternatively, whether it acts later, to control the migration of mesendoderm.

San Diego, CA (March 31, 2009)-- Novocell, Inc., a stem cell engineering company, today announced that it has received U.S. Patent 7,510,876 with claims covering human definitive endoderm cells, an essential cell for generating not only pancreatic type cells, which Novocell is developing for use as a cell therapy for diabetes, but also other endoderm lineage - derived tissues and organs such as lungs, intestine, liver, thymus and thyroid.

«This settlement resolves the parties» various patent disputes worldwide with respect to human definitive endoderm cells from human pluripotent stem cells.

Extraembryonic endoderm cells might secrete BMP and Wnt antagonists that enable neighboring cells in the center of the colony, well away from stem cell maintenance signals, to undergo anteriorization and neural commitment.

Viacyte have developed a line of pancreatic endoderm cells (PEC - 01).

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of ß - cells.

«The most important application of this patent will be the use of our patented human endoderm cells to screen for agents that potentially affect endoderm differentiation, for example, to any of the important cells derived from endoderm such as lung, liver, intestine, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid and thyroid.»

Novocell scientists pioneered a differentiation process that successfully engineers hES cells into definitive and pancreatic endoderm cells necessary for pancreas formation.

Albeit still in rudimentary form - since it can't further develop into a healthy fetus because of the absence of endoderm cells - the newly constructed artificial embryo leads scientists closer to understanding how embryogenesis works.

San Diego, CA (June 3, 2009)-- Novocell, Inc., a stem cell engineering company, today announced that it has received U.S. Patent No. 7,541,185 with method claims covering the use of endoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for drug discovery.

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of β - cells.

Initial imaging analysis of fluorescently labelled human iPSC - derived hepatic endoderm cells, umbilical cord - derived endothelial cells (HUVECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured in a solidified matrix gel to promote 3D growth found that the different cells collectively and automatically «condensed» into a multicellular central unit.

Endoderm cells are cells that eventually mature into many of the body's major organs — including the liver.

The scientists then progressed these endoderm cells two more steps, first into pancreatic precursor cells, and then into fully - functional pancreatic beta cells.

After another four molecules were added, the endoderm cells divided rapidly, allowing more than a trillion-fold expansion.

The researchers found that maternal gdf3 is required for Ndr1 and Ndr2 to signal at the levels necessary to properly induce the formation of mesoderm and endoderm cells in early zebrafish embryos.

Not exact matches

«The embryos lack all [cell types known as] mesoderm and endoderm and are left with skin and some neural tissue, [which derive from the third major cell type, the ectoderm].»

Professor Heiko Lickert, director of the IDR, in collaboration with Professor Gunnar Schotta of LMU München, showed that the Wnt / β - catenin signaling pathway regulates Sox17, which in turn regulates molecular programs that assign pluripotent cells to the endoderm, thus inducing an initial differentiation of the stem cells.

The pluripotent cells of the embryo organize themselves at an early stage in germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

«Instead of taking the skin cells back to the beginning, we took them only part way, creating endoderm - like cells,» added Gladstone and CIRM Postdoctoral Scholar Saiyong Zhu, PhD, one of the paper's lead authors.

The answer was yes: They found cells with markers from all three major body cell types, called germ layers: ectoderm (such as nerve cells), mesoderm (muscle and blood vessel cells), and endoderm (kidney cells).

ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

For example, cells in the primitive streak can become either endoderm or one of two types of mesoderm.

But then Stainier and colleagues showed that the endoderm was also somehow responsible for the migration of the heart cell buds in the layer of cells above it, known as the mesoderm.

Therefore, we used microarray analysis to perform pairwise comparisons of the transcriptional profile of EFTF - expressing pluripotent cells to three regions of the Xenopus embryo: the eye field (EF) including underlying mesendoderm, posterior neural plate (PNP) and the non-neural, flank, lateral endoderm (LE, Figure 1A).

Pancreatic endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells generates glucose - responsive insulin - secreting cells in vivo.

Additionally, ERCs were reported to be able to differentiate into, or become, cells from the three different germ layers (see the previous post on MSCs for more details): mesoderm (muscle, bone, fat, cartilage, and endothelial cells), ectoderm (neurons), and endoderm (liver, pancreas, and lung cells)(Meng et al., 2007; Patel et al., 2008).

The researchers came upon their finding serendipitously, after working out the molecular pathway, or succession of genes, that prompt the early - stage formation of the endoderm, one of the three layers of cells that form the developing embryo.

In one of the experiments, for example, activation of a particular signal at the correct time elicits the appearance of the mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm — the precursors of all cell types — with a spatial organization similar to that of an embryo.

During the process, the cells begin to form three distinct layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, determining which tissues or organs the cells will then develop into.

When the ESCs had no Chd1 at all, the cells could not differentiate into all of the three germ layers (specifically, endoderm was not detected, and a preference was found for neuronal lineages).

Within this elementary biological structure, three types of cells begin to cluster and develop: the embryonic stem cells (which eventually become the body of the embryo), and two extra-embryonic types of cells - the trophoblast stem cells (which develop into the placenta) and the endoderm stem cells (which go on to form the yolk sac).

The portfolio includes U.S. and foreign patents and applications directed to culture, expansion and scale - up of pluripotent stem cells and cell types derived therefrom, various differentiation processes for production of mesendoderm, definitive endoderm, PEC - 01, and endocrine precursors, as well as claims directed to the Company's Encaptra ® macro-encapsulation device platform.

For definitive endoderm differentiation, spontaneously formed EBs on day 6 were plated onto matrigel - coated dishes and maintained in a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A. Scale - like cells appeared (Figure 5A), which were positive for definitive endoderm markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4.

(C) When iPS cells were cultured in the absence of the HFF cells, various differentiated cells could be observed, such as definitive endoderm - like cells (a) and (b), fibroblast - like cells (c), cardiomyocytes (d), epidermis - like cells (e) and neural rosettes (f).

(A) A low concentration of FBS in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A could induce iPS cells of line 11.1 into a definitive endoderm lineage.

On the other hand, cells of line 4.1 differentiated into endoderm lineages more easily than cells of line 11.1 (data not shown).

Histochemical analysis indicated the existence of tissues from all three germ layers, such as neural epithelial cells (ectoderm), intestines (endoderm) and muscle (mesoderm)(Figure 6A).

Then, by treating the fibroblasts with a unique «cocktail» of molecules and reprogramming factors, they transformed the cells into endoderm - like cells.

Here we use a transgenic allele designed to detect low level transcription in the primitive endoderm lineage as a tool to identify an immediate early endoderm - like ES cell state.

To induce mesoderm and endoderm lineages from iPS cells, cells were grown as embryoid bodies (EB) in DMEM / F12 with 10 % fetal bovine serum for 2 weeks.

(A) iPS cells can form embryoid bodies (EB) and can differentiate in vitro to endoderm shown by alpha fetoprotein (AFP)(B), mesoderm shown by smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin (D, E), and ectoderm shown by GFAP and SMI31 staining (G, H).

When V+S + cells were recombined with V − S + cells immediately following sorting, they formed normal EBs and the V+S + cells move preferentially to the outside to form the presumptive visceral endoderm.

Black arrowheads show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the parietal endoderm.

One of these cells types, characterized by both the expression of the Venus transgene and the ES cells marker SSEA - 1 (V+S +), appears to represent an early step in primitive endoderm specification.

That we have observed a direct contribution of ES cells to both visceral and parietal endoderm also has implications for canonical definitions of pluripotency.

However, cells derived from the early epiblast are only able to contribute to embryonic lineages and not those derived from the PrEn [18]--[20], while PrEn cells can only contribute to their own lineage by colonizing the visceral and mostly parietal endoderm in chimera experiments [20]--[22].

Black arrows show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the visceral endoderm.

In support of this idea, Beddington and Robertson originally observed ES cell contribution to all the extra-embryonic lineages, but in particular to parietal endoderm [23].

Rational Bioprocess Design for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Endoderm Differentiation Based on Cellular Dynamics.