Sentences with phrase «endoderm in»

The intrinsic ability of endoderm to migrate without Toddler signaling is fully revealed in the abundant animal pole - directed migration of endoderm in toddler; cxcr4a double mutants.

However, when challenged to differentiate immediately after purification, each exhibits strong lineage bias, with the endoderm marker - expressing fraction unexpectedly able to contribute to the extra-embryonic endoderm in chimeric embryos.

The Venus positive population does not efficiently contribute to somatic lineages, appears at the outside of EBs, and has the capacity to colonize the visceral and parietal endoderm in chimeras.

However, cells derived from the early epiblast are only able to contribute to embryonic lineages and not those derived from the PrEn [18]--[20], while PrEn cells can only contribute to their own lineage by colonizing the visceral and mostly parietal endoderm in chimera experiments [20]--[22].

3) The co-authors of the role of the endoderm in heart formation study, published Developmental Biology, (September) were Jonathan Alexander, Michael Rothenberg, a graduate student in Jun's lab, and Gilbert L. Henry, PhD, of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University.

Not exact matches

To investigate whether maternally supplied gdf3 mRNA also plays a role in left - right patterning, the researchers used a series of experimental tricks to supply embryos with enough Gdf3 protein to form the mesoderm and endoderm and survive until the later stages of embryonic development.

Two other members of this family, Ndr1 and Ndr2, are required to form the mesoderm and endoderm early in zebrafish development.

The researchers found that maternal gdf3 is required for Ndr1 and Ndr2 to signal at the levels necessary to properly induce the formation of mesoderm and endoderm cells in early zebrafish embryos.

These «snapshots» of development led scientists to believe that gills were formed from different tissues: the internal «endoderm» lining in jawless vertebrates, and the «ectoderm» outer skin in the jawed.

Professor Heiko Lickert, director of the IDR, in collaboration with Professor Gunnar Schotta of LMU München, showed that the Wnt / β - catenin signaling pathway regulates Sox17, which in turn regulates molecular programs that assign pluripotent cells to the endoderm, thus inducing an initial differentiation of the stem cells.

The pluripotent cells of the embryo organize themselves at an early stage in germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

Nailing down the precise details and context of developmental molecular - cellular crosstalk in the endoderm of an embryo — where livers form — is critical to this technology's therapeutic potential.

For example, cells in the primitive streak can become either endoderm or one of two types of mesoderm.

But we do know that, like other animals, the human embryo in its earliest stages consists of three main components known as germ layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm and the mesoderm.

But then Stainier and colleagues showed that the endoderm was also somehow responsible for the migration of the heart cell buds in the layer of cells above it, known as the mesoderm.

Pancreatic endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells generates glucose - responsive insulin - secreting cells in vivo.

Initial imaging analysis of fluorescently labelled human iPSC - derived hepatic endoderm cells, umbilical cord - derived endothelial cells (HUVECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured in a solidified matrix gel to promote 3D growth found that the different cells collectively and automatically «condensed» into a multicellular central unit.

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of β - cells.

In one of the experiments, for example, activation of a particular signal at the correct time elicits the appearance of the mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm — the precursors of all cell types — with a spatial organization similar to that of an embryo.

«Discovering a molecular pathway of endoderm formation was unchartered territory in itself,» said Stainier.

2) The co-author of the study revealing the molecular pathway of endoderm development, published in Current Biology, (September) was Jonathan Alexander.

bilaterians: A clade of animals whode members share: bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic (three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), and with HOX genes in one or more clusters with the genes within a cluster arranged in the same order as the body parts they affect.

U.S. Patent No. 7,510,876, issued on March 31, 2009 is directed to an in vitro human endoderm composition.

Albeit still in rudimentary form - since it can't further develop into a healthy fetus because of the absence of endoderm cells - the newly constructed artificial embryo leads scientists closer to understanding how embryogenesis works.

Endoderm cells are a type of cell found in the early embryo, and which eventually mature into the body's major organs — including the pancreas, the home of ß - cells.

As shown in Figure 4, all three germ layers developed in our cultures as shown by alphafetoprotein (AFP) for endoderm (Figure 4B), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin for mesoderm (Figure 4D, E), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and SMI31 for ectoderm (Figure 4G, H).

For definitive endoderm differentiation, spontaneously formed EBs on day 6 were plated onto matrigel - coated dishes and maintained in a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A. Scale - like cells appeared (Figure 5A), which were positive for definitive endoderm markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4.

(C) When iPS cells were cultured in the absence of the HFF cells, various differentiated cells could be observed, such as definitive endoderm - like cells (a) and (b), fibroblast - like cells (c), cardiomyocytes (d), epidermis - like cells (e) and neural rosettes (f).

(A) A low concentration of FBS in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A could induce iPS cells of line 11.1 into a definitive endoderm lineage.

Here we use a transgenic allele designed to detect low level transcription in the primitive endoderm lineage as a tool to identify an immediate early endoderm - like ES cell state.

To induce mesoderm and endoderm lineages from iPS cells, cells were grown as embryoid bodies (EB) in DMEM / F12 with 10 % fetal bovine serum for 2 weeks.

(A) iPS cells can form embryoid bodies (EB) and can differentiate in vitro to endoderm shown by alpha fetoprotein (AFP)(B), mesoderm shown by smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin (D, E), and ectoderm shown by GFAP and SMI31 staining (G, H).

The ability of Nanog to suppress early Hex positive endoderm states is consistent with both the mutually exclusive nature of Nanog and Gata6 expression in vivo [17] and the ability of Nanog to suppress Gata6 positive PrEn differentiation, in vitro [39].

Black arrowheads show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the parietal endoderm.

One of these cells types, characterized by both the expression of the Venus transgene and the ES cells marker SSEA - 1 (V+S +), appears to represent an early step in primitive endoderm specification.

Under the conditions diagrammed in (A), the Hex Redstar (HexRS) reporter gives a robust readout of anterior endoderm - specific Hex expression.

Black arrows show the presence of LacZ positive cells in the visceral endoderm.

In support of this idea, Beddington and Robertson originally observed ES cell contribution to all the extra-embryonic lineages, but in particular to parietal endoderm [23In support of this idea, Beddington and Robertson originally observed ES cell contribution to all the extra-embryonic lineages, but in particular to parietal endoderm [23in particular to parietal endoderm [23].

(D) Sections of EBs grown under the same conditions as in part (C), showing that the outer layer consists of visceral endoderm as marked by Gata6, FoxA2, and Sox17 immunostaining (shown as red).

J, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratoma sections generated from integration - free iPSC lines showing differentiation in three germ layers: goblet cells in gastro - intestinal (GI) tract (endoderm); neural rosettes (ectoderm) and blood vessels, muscle and cartilage / bone (mesoderm).

Interestingly, while the V+S + cells did not effectively contribute to the epiblast, V+S + ES cells were found in both the visceral and parietal endoderm (Figure 8A, Table 2), suggesting that their reduced ability to contribute to the epiblast may reflect a change in potency.

HV clones were differentiated in aggregation culture in the presence of activin under conditions designed to promote anterior endoderm differentiation and Hex expression.

On the other hand, ES cells and cells differentiating into endoderm and mesoderm lineages from ES cells express OCT - 4 in mice and humans [66], and SSEA1 expression is found in other type of cells including neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells [67], [68].

In November 2014, BioPharma-Reporter.com reported that ViaCyte won a U.S. patent to manufacture human pancreatic progenitor cells from endoderm (embryonic stem) cells.

Extraembryonic endoderm cells might secrete BMP and Wnt antagonists that enable neighboring cells in the center of the colony, well away from stem cell maintenance signals, to undergo anteriorization and neural commitment.

Moreover, ES cell differentiation in vitro recapitulates events that take place during early embryonic development including the formation of the three germ layers of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, and the emergence of endothelial, hematopoietic, cardiac, neuronal and hepatic or pancreatic cells [8], [9].

Differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm [21] or neural progenitors [33] are frequent early outcomes of spontaneous differentiation when human ES cells are cultured in the presence of a feeder cell layer, and it is interesting to speculate that the cells are being primed for these fates.

«The efficient production of endoderm represents the first critical step in the creation of a renewable islet source derived from hES cells that is targeted at restoring normal glucose regulation in diabetic patients.»

«Novocell is a leader in differentiation of stem cells to create functional islet cells of the pancreas, and this broad patent significantly enhances our proprietary position and further secures our investment in the development of a diabetes cell therapy and potentially other endoderm - derived cell products,» said Edward Baetge, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of Novocell.

Analysis of Oct4 protein expression in differentiated Ara - C cultures (DACs) showed a slight increase of Oct4 protein by day four of aggregate formation (Figure 1C), consistent with previous reports examining Oct4 mRNA dynamics [22] and the finding that primitive endoderm differentiation is accompanied by a transient increase in Oct4 protein levels [23].