Sleep
endophenotypes of schizophrenia: slow waves and sleep spindles in unaffected first - degree relatives
Influence of sex and stress exposure across the lifespan on
endophenotypes of depression: focus on behavior, glucocorticoids, and hippocampus
Endophenotypes of ASD at the neural systems level may offer insight into the pathophysiology and psychopathology of ASD by indicating components of complex social behaviors that lie closer to specific genetic factors that confer ASD risk.
Both of the putative information processing mechanisms that facilitate the storage and transmission of cultural values of individualism and collectivism described above are considered intermediate phenotypes or
endophenotypes of affective disorders (Canli et al. 2006; Caspi & Moffitt 2006).
Not exact matches
Heritability
of glaucoma and glaucoma - related
endophenotypes: systematic review and meta - analysis protocol
Future research is needed to further determine the role that
endophenotypes play in the transmission and maintenance
of cultural values, practices and beliefs.
Hence, the functional utility
of endophenotypes associated with the serotonin transporter gene may systematically vary as a function
of cultural context.
We suggest that these
endophenotypes may confer varying degrees
of advantage or disadvantage to individuals depending on the cultural context.
Gottesman and Gould describe the rationale behind the concept
of endophenotype as providing relatively straightforward and more elementary phenomena as opposed to behavioural phenotypes and therefore require fewer numbers
of genes to produce variations in these traits as opposed to behavioural phenotypes or psychiatric diagnoses.24 These studies include associations
of cortisol, as end - product
of HPA - axis activity, 25 — 27 autonomic nervous system functioning, 28 and neuropsychological characteristics29 with various mental health problems.
Endophenotypes characterized by anxious attachment, poor impulse control, and hyperactive stress response can impact health behaviors and mental health and contribute to the development
of many different chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Duric et al. 2016).
These so - called
endophenotypes represent intermediate, subclinical - phased transitions toward a fully manifest phenotypic expression
of a disease or disorder (John and Lewis 1966; Gottesman and Gould 2003).