We also demonstrate that NS1 from DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 triggers endothelial barrier dysfunction, causing increased permeability of human
endothelial cell monolayers in vitro.
In human
endothelial cell monolayers in culture, NS1 from any of the four DENV serotypes triggered endothelial barrier permeability.
Our results demonstrated that our 3D cell culture device enables a real - time imaging of giant vacuole formation and tracers crossing the cultured
endothelial cell monolayer in a controlled experimental condition.