Sentences with phrase «ends of chromosomes»

Normally these vital end caps protect the loose ends of chromosomes from being chewed up or joined together, but are themselves whittled down every time the cell divides.

Unregulated growth is due in large part to the fact that tumor cells can rebuild protective ends of their chromosomes, which are made of repeated DNA sequences and proteins.

For example, one such surface on a protein ensures that telomerase can find its way to the physical ends of chromosomes.

The researchers suspected that early damage from exonucleases might be going unnoticed because the uncapped ends of chromosomes fuse soon afterward.

DNA had unraveled disproportionately at the exposed ends of the chromosomes, which is what they'd expect to see if exonuclease damage was the first step in genetic instability.

Telomerase is a «ribonucleoprotein complex» composed of a protein component and an RNA primer sequence which acts to protect the terminal ends of chromosomes.

Using sophisticated imaging technology, they were then able to watch as the broken ends of the chromosomes were reattached correctly or incorrectly inside the cells.

Two independent groups of scientists have now linked some of these cases to mutations in genes encoding telomerase, an enzyme that protects the fragile ends of chromosomes, known as telomeres.

LA JOLLA — Telomeres, specialized ends of our chromosomes that dictate how long cells can continue to duplicate themselves, have long been studied for their links to the aging process and cancer.

One of the SNPs we have discovered is in a gene involved in determining the length of the telomeres, or the tail ends of chromosomes.

Experts consider telomeres — the protective ends of chromosomes — when calculating this age difference.

The length of these telomeres — the physical ends of chromosomes — is controlled by an intricate balancing act: a protein complex called telomerase elongates these ends, but other proteins nibble away at them.

The team analysed their DNA, as well as other signs of ageing, such as insulin resistance — which is linked to diabetes — and the length of the caps on the ends of their chromosomes, called telomeres.

Telomeres are caps on the ends of chromosomes, protecting them much as plastic tips on the ends of shoelaces keep the laces from fraying.

It now appears that the protein that caps the ends of chromosomes is widely dispersed throughout the eukaryotic kingdom.

Today, she's unraveling the mechanisms that cells use to protect the ends of their chromosomes.

The length of the telomere — a protective cap on the ends of each chromosome — limits the number of times a cell can divide over a person's lifetime.

The parts affected are the telomeres — stretches of DNA that cap the ends of chromosomes.

Telomeres are genetic sequences that act like little protective caps at the end of chromosomes — think of the sealed tips of your shoelaces.

Researchers have suspected for about 12 years that human cell division is regulated by structures called telomeres, specialized stretches of DNA located at the ends of the chromosomes.

Austad recalls one conversation in which Muller made an insightful connection about telomeres, the DNA - and - protein caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with every cell division, eventually pushing cells into a nondividing state called senescence.

Enzymes called exonucleases may contribute to aging by chewing up the ends of chromosomes.

They specifically studied the length of telomeres (repeated DNA sequences) on the ends of chromosomes in leukocytes (white blood cells); the protective caps are believed to be markers of biological aging, because they shrink over time.

These caps at the ends of chromosomes protect your genes from being eroded each time a cell divides.

Every time linear chromosomes are replicated during late S phase, the DNA polymerase complex is incapable of replicating all the way to the end of the chromosome; if it were not for telomeres, this would quickly result in the loss of vital genetic information, which is needed to sustain a cell's activities.

The glowing structures are visible here in the nucleus of a human bone cancer cell (left) and on the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes in cervical cancer cells (right).

With each division, the stretches of DNA at the ends of their chromosomes — regions called telomeres — begin to fray and shorten, leaving the remaining DNA more liable to errors and mutations.

The genetic defects underlying the disease prevent cells from maintaining their telomeres, the caps at the ends of chromosomes that gradually shorten as cells divide and a person ages.

Telomeres are protective caps of DNA that prevent damage to the ends of chromosomes.

Individuals with one altered gene had longer telomeres, the caps on the ends of chromosomes that wear away as we get older, and appeared to be protected against diabetes, the researchers report.

The key to cancer cell immortality are the cell's telomeres, repetitive stretches of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that may protect the chromosomes when they divide.

Telomeres are pieces of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes.

He says that HLI's actual data are sound, and he is impressed with the group's novel method of determining age by sequencing the ends of chromosomes, which shorten over time.

Located at the ends of chromosomes, telomeres typically shorten with each cell division, until the end of the chromosome becomes so frayed that the cell dies.

Izpisua Belmonte added that more extensive studies will be needed to fully understand the role of heterochromatin disorganization in aging, including how it interacts with other cellular processes implicated in aging, such as shortening of the end of chromosomes, known as telomeres.

Individuals carrying the variant had shorter telomeres, stretches of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from daily wear — and also aging

It is unclear how the entire body is affected because Spector looked only at telomeres, nucleotides on the ends of chromosomes that slowly erode as cells copy themselves during normal aging.

Great tits raised in an urban environment have shorter telomeres — protective caps at the ends of chromosomes — than those raised in rural environments, researchers find.

The discovery of telomerase and its role in replenishing the caps on the ends of the chromosomes, made by Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider at UC Berkeley and John Szostak at Harvard University in the 1980s, earned them a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.

The enzyme lengthens the caps, or telomeres, on the ends of chromosomes, which wear off during each cell division.

ZBTB48 binds through the last of its 11 zinc fingers directly to telomeric DNA (TTAGGG, in red) as well as subtelomeric variant repeats (TTGGG / TCAGGG, grey), which represent the protective caps at the end of chromosomes.

In vertebrates, telomeres act as protective caps located at the ends of chromosomes.

Telomeres are bits of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes from unraveling or degrading.

«One of our killifish mutants recapitulates, but in a rapid manner, a human disease called Dyskeratosis congenita, which is due to deficits in a complex involved in maintaining the end of chromosomes, or telomeres,» says lead author Dr. Itamar Harel, a postdoctoral research fellow in genetics.

Telomeres are tiny fragments of DNA at the end of each chromosome.

The problem was traced to telomeres ̶ structures found at the end of chromosomes that protect them from erosion ̶ that began to fuse to each other when DNA repair was re-activated.

These tiny strips of DNA, called telomeres, cap the end of chromosomes.

«We had the seeds of an idea [that] there could be a clocklike thing, because every time the DNA replicated, the end of the chromosome wasn't replicated,» Blackburn recalls.

The researchers discovered that compared with similarly aged females, male snakes had shortened telomeres — the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes — a trait implicated in aging, disease risk, and death, they report today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.