Sentences with phrase «energy by radiation»

In Part Two we looked at the claim that the surface and atmosphere exchanged exactly equal amounts of energy by radiation.

1) As I mentioned on May 29, 2011 at 1:37 pm: «If it is correct that all objects that have a temperature above Zero Kelvin (0K) must emit energy by radiation, then why do Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon not radiate anything at all towards the Earth's surface?»

D Cotton June 15, 2013 at 6:38 am The whole of the pseudo physics of greenhouse effects and assumed heating of the surface by back radiation (or «radiative forcing») is trying to utilise the Stefan - Boltzmann equation which only relates to bodies in a vacuum losing all their energy by radiation without any conduction or evaporative cooling.

The skin layer loses energy by radiation (according to S - B, which we use to measure its temperature), evaporation, and (insignificant) conduction.

Two nearby bodies will exchange energy by radiation in both directions.

The formula for the «net rate [from the enclosed object] of loss or gain of energy by radiation (or the heat transferred by radiation) is

The heating of the Earth by the Sun is an example of transfer of energy by radiation.

In our GHG free hypothetical system the atmosphere would still heat up in the day, and would therefore still have to rid itself of the energy by radiation?

The use of Stefan / Boltzmann to estimate how much global temperatures will rise as a result of this, also only looks at the transfer of energy by radiation.

It clearly states that (a) emission of energy by radiation is accompanied with cooling of the surface (if no compensating changes prevent it), and (b) the tendency to a radiative equilibrium means that the emitter with the higher surface temperature will loose energy due to a negative net radiation balance until this net radiation balance becomes zero.

Not exact matches

An alternative route of abstraction, by thinking away all energy that sets up physical relations, and thinking this away by having substances too dense to release radiation, also leads to a space concept that may be approximated somewhere in nature.

Since then, the Steady State Theory has been disproven, and the Big Bang Theory has been shown to be correct, vindicating a form of «Creationism», which not only explains «let there be light» (the early universe was dominated by radiation — light), but explains of separation of light and darkness — the decoupling era, about 300,000 earth years after the big bang, when the universe cooled below the ionization energy of hydrogen, allowing it to become transparent for the first time.

80 keV (125 times less than permitted) With additional safety aspects we furthermore guarantee the absolutely safe use of our X-ray systems in the inspection of products in the food sector: - We only use low - energy, soft X-rays - X-ray voltage and current are individually adapted for every product - The X-ray tube is hermetically shielded - All the radiation protection covers are monitored by safety switches - X-rays can only be turned on if the system functions perfectly

About 5 million tons of matter is converted by the Sun's core into energy every second, producing neutrinos and solar radiation.

This energy may even have far - reaching effects outside the galactic center by driving energetic jets of radiation outward.

The researchers mimicked cosmic - radiation exposure by briefly bombarding the brains of lab mice with high - energy particles.

Taken with the orbiting Chandra Observatory, it shows the hottest, most violent objects in the galaxy: black holes gobbling down matter, gas heated to millions of degrees by dense, whirling neutron stars, and the high - energy radiation from stars that have exploded, sending out vast amounts of material that slam into surrounding gas, creating shock waves that heat the gas tremendously, generating X-rays.

THE EDITORS REPLY: Polonium 210 emits alpha radiation, which loses energy rapidly in the air and is blocked by clothing or by human skin.

Additionally, the team discovered that the order - of - magnitude difference in radiation tolerance between gallium arsenide - and gallium nitride - based HEMTs is much too large to be explained by differences in binding energy.

Instead of relying on light waves emitted by electrons, it would use radiation emitted when the nucleus is excited to a high energy state, and then drops into a lower energy state.

The sentence marked with an asterisk was changed from «In fact, fly ash — a by - product from burning coal for power — and other coal waste contains up to 100 times more radiation than nuclear waste» to «In fact, the fly ash emitted by a power plant — a by - product from burning coal for electricity — carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount of energy.»

Dana Christensen, associate lab director for energy and engineering at ORNL, says that health risks from radiation in coal by - products are low.

They can also be used for biological labeling because of their low toxicity, chemical stability, and intense luminescence when excited by near - IR radiation, which can penetrate tissue much better than higher energy radiation such as ultraviolet, as is often required with quantum dot labels.

While no one can see a black hole by definition, an X-ray telescope can see the orbiting material around that black hole, which is so hot it emits high - energy radiation.

The intensity of Cherenkov radiation emitted by the particle shower produced by the gamma ray is proportional to the gamma ray's energy, whereas the geometry of the shower betrays its direction of origin.

Recent observations by NASA's twin Van Allen Probes show that particles in the radiation belts surrounding Earth are accelerated by a local kick of energy, helping to explain how these particles reach speeds of 99 percent the speed of light.

The researchers compared the images from the first and last scans to verify that the tungsten had not been damaged by the radiation, thanks to the electron beam energy being kept below the radiation damage threshold of tungsten.

This calculation method enabled us to more accurately perform theoretical prediction of IMFP compared to the experimental value, which was obtained by applying spectrometry (extended X ‐ ray absorption fine structure spectrometry) to low - speed electrons of Copper and molybdenum at the high - brilliant synchrotron radiation facility, and to explain the relationship between energy measurement and the types of materials.

Physicists have argued, however, that such time machines would eventually be destroyed by a catastrophic build - up of energy caused by radiation looping around within the wormhole, doubling its strength with each journey through time.

The skew toward high - energy x-rays indicates that the black holes were heavily shrouded by dust and gas, through which only the most energetic radiation could pass.

NASA might choose to extend it, but the spacecraft could still succumb any day to the intense radiation from the deadly halos of high - energy particles trapped around the planet by magnetic fields.

But it has been unclear whether that dust is heated by the energy created as matter gets sucked into the black hole, or by radiation from newly born stars.

The most advanced civilizations will be reduced to huddling around the last flickering embers of energy — the faint Hawking radiation emitted by black holes.

«High - energy neutrinos are produced along with gamma rays by extremely high - energy radiation known as cosmic rays in objects like star - forming galaxies, galaxy clusters, supermassive black holes, or gamma - ray bursts.

The high - energy cosmic neutrinos detected by IceCube are believed to originate from cosmic - ray interactions with matter (proton - proton interactions); from cosmic - ray interactions with radiation (proton - photon interactions); or from the decay or destruction of heavy, invisible «dark matter.»

No electrons are emitted for radiation with a frequency below that of the threshold, as the electrons are unable to gain sufficient energy to overcome the electrostatic barrier presented by the termination of the crystalline surface.

They found that the disk of debris around the black hole smothers all but the highest energy radiation and thus renders the black holes undetectable by optical telescopes.

But the high - energy radiation from the source has shown no sign of dying down, which suggests that astronomers may have caught a star in the process of being ripped to shreds by a black hole.

The cooling mechanism involves the absorption of heat by the haze particles, which then emit infrared radiation, cooling the atmosphere by radiating energy into space.

«By looking at the difference» between the radiation registered by the detectors, he explains, «you can say something about how much [energy] was deposited into that plastic.&raquBy looking at the difference» between the radiation registered by the detectors, he explains, «you can say something about how much [energy] was deposited into that plastic.&raquby the detectors, he explains, «you can say something about how much [energy] was deposited into that plastic.»

The tick of an atomic clock is measured by the frequency of radiation emitted when electrons around an atom change energy states.

Piran has now explained how a fraction of the energy released by colliding neutron stars could be converted into gamma radiation.

In the new study, Charles Hailey, an astrophysicist at Columbia University, and his colleagues scrutinized the past dozen years of data gathered by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, an orbiting craft whose instruments are designed to detect high - energy radiation emitted by the immensely hot material surrounding exploded stars and near black holes.

This Čerenkov radiation was detected by imaging atmospheric Čerenkov telescopes (IACTs), such as HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System) in Namibia, MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Čerenkov) in the Canary Islands, and VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array Systems) in Arizona.

The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest - energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation.

In follow - up observations from Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Lick Observatory, his team found 20 galaxies that had gas that was ionized by radiation from a quasar, rather than from the energy of star formation.

However, isn't it true that most energy is removed from the earth's surface by convection and evaporation, not radiation (because the lower troposphere contains so much GHGs, especially water vapor)?

When the NSLS - II is running, electrons traveling at nearly the speed of light and forced by magnets around a circular storage ring will produce energy in the form of light known as synchrotron radiation.

«The experiments confirm significant endurance gains are possible by leveraging thermal updrafts and incident solar radiation, rather than ignoring these free sources of energy,» Edwards said.

Star, any massive self - luminous celestial body of gas that shines by radiation derived from its internal energy sources.