Sentences with phrase «energy electron pulses»

Not exact matches

With the newly shaped laser pulses, electrons can be ripped from the atoms very efficiently, and the electrons subsequently gain a large amount of energy.

Ideally, the electron gains so much energy in the laser field that upon impact with the atom, a much shorter flash of light with very high energy is emitted — an attosecond laser pulse, with a frequency in the ultraviolet - or x-ray regime.

Recording the energy of the electrons that passed through the pulse generates a crisp side - profile of the short laser beam, not unlike a sporting photo - finish image (see right).

The only way to do this is to find the right shape for the laser pulse to be applied, to impose oscillations on the electron that are exactly identical, so that its energy and state remain stable.

But when the team applies a pulse of electrons to the «wheels», some gain energy and move a quarter turn.

However, getting strong pulses of x-rays is much harder than for low energy light, and required using the most modern sources, x-ray free electron lasers.

Intense extreme ultraviolet FEL pulses were directed at the clusters and the resultant energy distribution of electrons knocked out of the clusters was measured using a «velocity map imaging spectrometer».

The machine developed by the Brookhaven team uses a laser pulse to give electrons in a sample material a «kick» of energy.

Imaging atomic - scale electron - lattice interactions: A laser pulse (red beam coming from right) gives electrons in a manganese oxide a «kick» of energy while a high - energy electron beam (blue) probes the atomic structure.

The high voltage is delivered only in very short bursts, using just enough energy to accelerate the tiny electrons without heating up the heavy gas particles pulses; thus, plasma is generated.

This pulse also has to be short to catch the direction of electron motion and have enough photon energy to knock the excited electrons out of the molecule.

They conclude that the fullerene cage acts as a captor for the electron, which is ionised inside the cage, when subjected to a laser pulse of the same intensity as the difference between the lower energy levels.

By tuning electron pulses and recording those electrons that went through to the other side, the researchers were able to map the energy and momentum of electrons within the material.

This pulse is only some tenths of a trillionth of a second long and transfers energy to the electrons in the molecule, exciting them into helical motion.

When those relativistic electrons collided with air molecules, they generated gamma rays and lower energy electrons that were the main electric current carrier that produced the strong radio pulse before the visible lightning.

«Researchers amplify the pulse and measure its height and from that figure out how much energy created the electron - hole pairs,» ORNL's David Radford said.

The winner, Stony Brook University assistant professor of chemistry Thomas Allison, took home the prize for his proposal to use high - energy laser pulses to record «movies» of electrons moving through molecules.

When a high - energy electron (a beta particle) is created during a double - beta decay, that electron will scatter off other electrons and create electron - hole pairs that move inside the germanium and create a pulse of charge inside the detector.

The attosecond pulse excited the krypton atoms, kicking electrons free; then the red - light pulse hit the electrons and took a reading of their energy.

In order to observe the ultrafast electron motion in the inner shells of atoms with short light pulses, the pulses must not only be ultrashort, but very bright, and the photons delivered must have sufficiently high energy.

This strategy makes use of the intense electric fields associated with pulsed, high - energy laser beams to accelerate electrons and protons to «relativistic» velocities (i.e. speeds approaching that of light).

In its rotating magnetic field, electrons and positrons are accelerated up to relativistic energies and emit radiation that arrives to our telescopes in the form of pulses every 33 millisecond, each time the neutron star rotates and meets our telescopic sight.

ELMs may drive repetitive (approx. 1 Hz) pulses of up to 10 percent or more of the plasma stored energy to the walls in ITER while disruptions may completely terminate the discharge, releasing all of the plasma's thermal and magnetic energy into nearby structures and potentially producing a runaway electron population that may cause localized damage.

These pulses carry energies of three MeV (three million electron volts), focused to a spot one millimeter in diameter.