Both countries
enforce awards as they do court judgments, while non-compliance can be tackled through the courts, which so far has been largely supportive of arbitration and the enforcement of foreign awards.
He went on to say that «in our view, an application... for leave to
enforce an award as a judgment is... one aspect of its recognition and as such is the final stage in rendering the arbitral procedure effective.
Not exact matches
CARACAS Venezuela on Thursday scorned a $ 2.04 billion
award to ConocoPhillips over a decade - old nationalization
as the U.S. oil producer filed suit in a federal court to
enforce the decision.
If found by Sponsor to be in violation, Entrant agrees to pay all legal fees and damages incurred by Sponsor to
enforce this provision, and, if applicable, return to Sponsor any
award (s) received
as liquidated damages.
If any arbitration or other proceeding is brought to
enforce or interpret this Agreement or matters relating to it, the substantially prevailing party,
as determined by the arbitrator's
award, will be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys» fees and other costs and expenses incurred in such arbitration or proceeding from the other party, in addition to any other relief to which such prevailing party is entitled; provided that in no event will the arbitrator have the authority to
award punitive damages.
Though the German courts recently ruled not to
enforce the US court's decision (on the grounds that it considered the minimum statutory damages
awarded to be excessive and punitive), Bossland ended sales for almost all of its hacks at the end of last year;
as of today, the only ones remaining are for non-Blizzard games, specifically Final Fantasy XIV and Path of Exile, though according to the group's latest newsletter, there's a PUBG one tucked on the forums too.
Things have gone from bad to worse in Venezuela,
as ConocoPhillips moves to seize some of the Caribbean assets of Venezuela's state - run PDVSA to
enforce a $ 2 billion arbitration
award.
Canadian courts have so far
enforced US judgments with damage
awards far larger than the value of the transaction — though none (so far
as I know) with a really astronomical jury - chosen punitive element.
However, on 5 December, the Court of Appeal led by Chief Justice Pereira JA agreed that a purposive interpretation of Part 7.3 (5)(b) should be deployed and that the provision should be read
as granting permission to
enforce any judgment or arbitral
award made «by a foreign court or tribunal and amenable to be
enforced at common law».
In a 1978 decision, for instance, the Court of Appeal of Florence refused to
enforce an
award rendered in England by only two arbitrators, who had declined to appoint a third arbitrator on the basis of the 1950 English Arbitration Act, pursuant to which a clause providing for a three - member tribunal was deemed to take effect
as if it provided for an umpire.
Nothing in the language of article V (1)(c) grants
enforcing authorities the discretion to refuse or otherwise limit the recognition or enforcement of an
award which has failed to address all issues submitted by the parties, but which is otherwise enforceable
as to the issues addressed.
An arbitral
award was rendered in India against a United States corporation, which argued before the Court that it should not be
enforced in the United States on grounds that India would not have
enforced the
award had it been rendered in the United States in its favour, and that therefore, «the reciprocity between India and the United States
as required by the Convention [article XIV] was absent».1394 The contesting party further argued that article XIV requires courts to determine the extent to which India applies the Convention and whether India treats
awards rendered in India in favour of Indian parties in a similar manner.
As one United States court observed, «[u] nder the New York Convention, we examine whether the
award exceeds the scope of the [arbitration agreement], not whether the
award exceeds the scope of the parties» pleadings».803 This interpretation of article V (1)(c) which distinguishes the parties» pleadings or prayers for relief from the «submission to arbitration» referred to in article V (1)(c), is consistent with a narrow interpretation of the grounds for refusal to recognize or
enforce an
award.
For instance, the Supreme Court of Spain
enforced an
award rendered by a sole arbitrator appointed by one of the parties, where the party opposing enforcement had refused to appoint a co - arbitrator.883 Similarly, a United States court
enforced an
award rendered by one of the party appointees
as a sole arbitrator where the other party chose not to participate in the arbitration.884
The Supreme Court considered whether the English Court,
as an
enforcing court of a Nigerian arbitral
award, was entitled to require a party resisting enforcement to provide security for the money payable under the
award as a condition of being entitled to advance a good arguable defence that enforcement should be refused on grounds of English public policy, e.g. because the
award was procured by fraud.
The three dominant themes in 2008 cases where PIL was invoked were
as follows: UK / EU law implementation of UNSC resolutions concerning freezing of alleged terrorist assets (sanctions cases); the acts / omissions of UK authorities in Iraq / Afghanistan viewed in the context of PIL and provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Human Rights Act 1998 (Iraq / Afghanistan related cases); and state / diplomatic immunity in the context of civil proceedings and / or attempts to
enforce arbitration
awards against assets of State entities in the UK (Civil immunity cases).
He states that, in practice, it can take an average of 120 - 190 days to
enforce a foreign
award, owing to certain procedural formalities such
as the translation and legalisation of
awards,
as well
as providing evidence of notification of the unsuccessful party of the
award.
Tullow's group's CEO Aidan Heavey cited the «expenses of further proceedings and the difficulty in
enforcing any
award against DRC, even in the event of success»
as reasons for discontinuing legal proceedings.
Shelbaya agrees that the Egyptian courts adopt a «liberal approach to arbitration», putting in place «stringent criteria» for the setting aside of an arbitral
award,
as well
as routinely recognising and
enforcing foreign
awards in Egypt.
Another approach to avoid this concern might be to regard immunity
as inapplicable to a proceeding which relates directly to another, non-immune underlying proceeding only where it is a necessary or readily foreseeable corollary of that underlying proceeding —
as is the case with proceedings to
enforce a foreign arbitral
award, but not, presumably, with a defamation action arising from statements made in an earlier proceeding.
While enforcement, a foreign arbitral
award shall, on the application being made to the appropriate court by any party, be
enforced by execution by the court under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, in the same manner
as if it were a decree of the domestic Court.
The terms of the arbitral
award were turned into a consent court order, which ordered the Toronto Police Services to «assist
as required» to
enforce the provisions of the order.
Bechtel then subsequently
enforced the
award in France [4] and took steps to
enforce the
award in the US
as well, [5] both of which are signatories to the NYC.
A successful litigant who has relied upon the Handbook
as a route - map to judgment might justifiably feel let down at not being able to discover in a similarly practical and approachable manner how to
enforce an
award in the face of a recalcitrant employer.
However, the third paragraph of recital 12 complicates matters
as it provides that where a member state court exercising jurisdiction under the Brussels I (recast) or national law has determined that an arbitration agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed, the court's judgment on the substance of the matter can be recognised or
enforced in accordance with Brussels I (recast)(although this is expressed
as without prejudice to the competence of member state courts to decide on recognition and enforcement of arbitral
awards in accorded with the New York Convention which «takes precedence over» Brussels I (recast)-RRB-.
This decision has been the subject of considerable discussion among arbitration practitioners:
as was discussed several months ago on Slaw, the case raises a number of difficult questions about how international arbitration and Canada's treaty obligations in that respect interact with local procedural law — specifically limitation of actions — when seeking to
enforce the
award, and more generally whether foreign judgments and arbitral
awards should continue to be treated, for limitations purposes,
as mere contract debts.
The Claimants made a number of points in relation to service: first, they said that the Riyadh Convention was permissive in providing for service or notification by the means set out, not mandatory; secondly, they said that if it was mandatory it did not set out the documents which had to be served or notified in the prescribed manner, which was a matter for the DIFC Court; thirdly, and
as an overriding point, if the KRG was not immune from suit, there had to be some way to
enforce the
Awards and the KRG could not be allowed to stymie service or notification under the Riyadh Convention by effectively claiming sovereign immunity unjustifiably.
The general obligation for the Contracting States to recognize such
awards as binding and to
enforce them in accordance with their rules of procedure is laid down in Article III.
Supreme Court Family Rule 2 - 1.2 provides that an arbitration
award in a family law proceeding may be filed in the court registry and s. 29 of the Arbitration Act, provides that an arbitration
award may be
enforced in the same manner
as a judgment or order of the Court.
The provisions of Articles 42 and 43 are mandatory in providing that compliant
awards «shall be recognised
as binding» and «shall be
enforced» in the circumstances set out.
In the past decade, it has handled some of the most high - profile arbitrations
as well
as ancillary proceedings to
enforce, or resist the enforcement of, arbitral
awards before the English, Hong Kong and, through the Stephenson Harwood (Singapore) Alliance, Singapore courts.
The Ontario Court of Appeal recently released its endorsement in Alfred Wegener Institute v. ALCI Aviation Ltd., 2014 ONCA 398, upholding an order from the application judge that a German arbitral
award be recognized and
enforced in Ontario
as if it were a judgment or order of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.
The Claimants are seeking to
enforce the two monetary
awards (the «Second PFA» and the «Third PFA» respectively) in England and in the District Court of Columbia,
as well
as in the DIFC.
(1) An arbitral
award, irrespective of the State or jurisdiction in which it was made, shall be recognised
as binding within the DIFC and, upon application in writing to the DIFC Court, shall be
enforced subject to the provisions of this Article and of Articles 43 and 44.
It did not
as the Tribunal pointed out, pay any sums, when, on its own evidence, it was able to, prior to the
Awards and it offered nothing by way of payment until the English Court made its order
enforcing the peremptory order of the Tribunal.
As the matter limped through the Nigerian justice system, IPCO sought again in 2008 to
enforce the
award in England on the grounds that the Nigerian proceedings could take years.
-- Instructed by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP LLP (
as junior to Joe Smouha QC) for a Cayman hedge fund in its efforts to
enforce an arbitration
award for in excess of # 50 million against an Indian entity.
-- Instructed by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP (
as junior to Joe Smouha QC) for a Cayman hedge fund in its efforts to
enforce an arbitration
award for in excess of # 50 million against an Indian entity.
The use of the word may gives the
enforcing court a discretion
as to whether to refuse to
enforce an
award that has been set aside and there is little consensus internationally on the approach to be adopted.
An arbitral
award made in England may, by leave of the court, be
enforced in the same manner
as a judgment or order of the court (section 66).
Further, where the
award or arbitration agreement requiring to be produced is in a foreign language, the party seeking to
enforce the
award shall produce a translation into English certified
as correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which that party belongs or certified
as correct in such other manner
as may be sufficient according to the law in force in the Union of Myanmar.
In this issue: The development of arbitration in the Asia - Pacific region; The English Commercial Court refuses to
enforce a New York Convention
award; Further development of Dubai
as a regional arbitration hub: the launch of EMAC (Emirates Maritime Arbitration Centre); Removal of an arbitrator due to lack of impartiality: a recent English Commercial Court case; Conferences and events
The Act lists a variety of proceedings in respect of which there is no limitation period (section 16): proceedings for declarations; proceedings to
enforce court orders and other orders that are enforceable in the same way
as court orders; proceedings under the Family Law Act relating to support; proceedings to
enforce arbitration
awards; proceedings by persons in possession of collateral to redeem or realize on it; proceedings arising from sexual assault in certain circumstances; proceedings to recover fines, taxes and penalties owing to the Crown; proceedings relating to claims by the Crown (or by a delivery agent under social welfare legislation) in various circumstances; proceedings to recover money owing in respect of certain student loans,
awards and grants.
Dispute
as to whether previous
award of damages for breach of a «keep open» clause in a commercial lease precluded the landlords from
enforcing the repairing obligation and having the vacant premises put into a condition whereby they could immediately be traded from.
Enforcing an arbitration
award under the Arbitration Act 1996 can prove a bumpy ride,
as Clare Arthurs & Margaret Tofalides explain
Each level of people's court should establish a centralized administrative platform for the judicial review of arbitration
awards, to strengthen the informatized management and data analysis of cases regarding applications to confirm the validity of an arbitation agreement, cases regarding applications to cancel or
enforce arbitration
awards of our domestic arbitration institutions, applications to recognize and
enforce Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region, Taiwan Region arbitration
awards, cases regarding applications to recognize and
enforce foreign arbitral
awards, and cases relating to the judicial review of arbitration such
as refusal to accept, reject the filing, or objection to jurisdiction and others relating to the confirmation of the validity of an arbitration agreement; the effective guarantee of the correct application of law and of a unified yardstick for judicial decision - making.
As mentioned previously, some SPC proceedings, including capital punishment review and review of lower court rulings not to
enforce foreign or foreign - related arbitral
awards, are not considered «court hearings.»
Mr. D'vitre placed reliance on the judgment of English court of Appeal in case of Kanoria and others vs. Guinness (2006) 1 LLR 701 in support of the submission that even though in that matter challenged to the
award in India had failed, English Court of appeal had refused to
enforce foreign
award as the aggrieved party was not given due notice of plea of fraud and was unable to represent its case.
In so far
as reliance placed by the learned senior counsel for the respondent in case of Kanoria and others vs. Guinness reported in (2006) 1 Llyod's Law Reports 701 in support of the submission that though petition under section 34 challenging a foreign
award in India had failed, English Court of Appeal had refused to
enforce foreign
award on the ground that aggrieved party who was not given due notice of plea of fraud and was unable to represent its case is concerned, a perusal of the judgment indicates that the Court of Appeal had rendered a finding that the aggrieved party who was unable to represent its case and had refused to
enforce the foreign
award.
(D) The establishment of a Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice for the Institute, Society or Council which are not inconsistent with the Code of Ethics of the National Association
as from time to time amended; provided, however, that in order for its members to be eligible for Institute Affiliate Membership pursuant to Article III, such Institute, Society or Council must adopt and
enforce the National Association's Code of Ethics or a code of ethics approved by the National Association that addresses the specialty area of that Institute, Society or Council, which code of ethics must apply to all persons who have been
awarded a professional designation and those who hold classes of membership that confer the right to vote or hold office;