i) Few provinces have reciprocal
enforcement of judgment agreements with foreign states, and not very many states when they do.
Not exact matches
Caroline is instructed in a wide range
of commercial and chancery disputes including: general contractual disputes; civil fraud; breach
of directors» duties; shareholder disputes; derivative claims; jurisdiction issues; applications under the Bankers» Books Evidence Act 1879; joint venture
agreements; financial services disputes; insurance / re-insurance;
enforcement of foreign
judgments; mortgage fraud and claims concerning undue influence.
Although arguing Civil Code section 1717 did not allow for such an award, homeowner ignored the fact that the settlement
agreement had an express provision allowing for post-
judgment enforcement fee recovery based on the
judgment entered as a result
of the settlement.
Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012
of the European Parliament and
of the Council on jurisdiction and the recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (the «Recast Regulation») currently ensures that jurisdiction
agreements contained in contracts are respected by all EU Member States.
What we do know is that, upon that departure, the regulations listed above will in theory immediately cease to apply, so the question
of jurisdiction and the recognition and
enforcement of judgments must be dealt with either expressly by
agreement with the EU or otherwise through the common law rules.
It is incompatible with Council Regulation No 44 / 2001 / EC (jurisdiction and recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters) for a court
of a member state to make an order to restrain a person from commencing or continuing proceedings before the courts
of another member state on the ground that such proceedings would be contrary to an arbitration
agreement.
However, the third paragraph
of recital 12 complicates matters as it provides that where a member state court exercising jurisdiction under the Brussels I (recast) or national law has determined that an arbitration
agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable
of being performed, the court's
judgment on the substance
of the matter can be recognised or enforced in accordance with Brussels I (recast)(although this is expressed as without prejudice to the competence
of member state courts to decide on recognition and
enforcement of arbitral awards in accorded with the New York Convention which «takes precedence over» Brussels I (recast)-RRB-.
As applied to the stage reached here in the DIFC, the
agreement to arbitrate is sufficient waiver to the orders for recognition under Article 42
of the Arbitration Law which are contained in paragraphs 1 and 2
of this Court's order
of 29 May 2017, and (though less clearly) the orders for
enforcement as a
judgment under Article 43 as contained in paragraphs 3 and 4, since they do not deal with execution and actual
enforcement on assets.
(4) Starlight Shipping Co v Allianz Marine & Ors; Brit UW Ltd & Ors v Starlight & Ors; Brit UW & Ors v Imperial Marine & Ors [2014] EWHC 3068 (Comm); [2015] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 747; [2014] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 579; [2014] 2 C.L.C. 503; [2015] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 54 — relief granted to both insurers and employees and agents
of the insurers who were intended to benefit from the settlement
of the insurance claim - relief by way
of specific performance and injunctions was tailored to the particular circumstances which included the prohibition on anti-suit injunction to restrain the Greek proceedings — assured ordered to execute documents recording the meaning and effect
of the settlement
agreement (including settlement
of claims against the servants and agents who were third parties to the original settlement) so that the same could be placed before the foreign court to assist in the recognition and
enforcement of the English
judgment in Greece under the
Judgments Regulation.
Authentic instruments and
agreements between parties that are enforceable in one Member State should be treated as equivalent to «
judgments» for the purpose
of the application
of the rules on recognition and
enforcement.
Specifically, the
agreement provides that the Recast Brussels Regulation (1215/2012 EC) relating to jurisdiction and the recognition and
enforcement of judgments will apply to the
enforcement and recognition
of judgments given in legal proceedings which commence before the transition period ends.
Application for
enforcement of the arbitral award should be submitted to a competent judge along with a copy
of the arbitration
agreement, original award and certified translation
of the award if the award is rendered in English, unless the parties agree on alternative means
of enforcement of the
judgment.
She mentions (as has this blog), that China is actively participating in negotiations on the Hague Convention on the Recognition &
Enforcement of Foreign
Judgments, and is studying ratification
of the Hague Convention on the Choice
of Courts
Agreements.
The SPC judge also suggested that the standards set out in mutual judicial assistance
agreements could be useful in drafting standards for reviewing the recognition and
enforcement of foreign
judgments.
The rule waives the requirement for individual
agreement if the victim is unable to agree due to incapacity or other emergency circumstance and: (1) The law
enforcement official represents that the protected health information is needed to determine whether a violation
of law by a person other than the victim has occurred and the information is not intended to be used against the victim; (2) the law
enforcement official represents that immediate law
enforcement activity that depends on such disclosure would be materially and adversely affected by waiting until the individual is able to agree to the disclosure; and (3) the covered entity, in the exercise
of professional
judgment, determines that the disclosure is in the individual's best interests.
The final rule waives the requirement for
agreement if the covered entity is unable to obtain the individual's
agreement due to incapacity or other emergency circumstance, and (1) the law
enforcement official represents that the information is needed to determine whether a violation
of law by a person other than the victim has occurred and the information is not intended to be used against the victim; (2) the law
enforcement official represents that immediate law
enforcement activity that depends on the disclosure would be materially and adversely affected by waiting until the individual is able to agree to the disclosure; and (3) the covered entity determines, in the exercise
of professional
judgment, that the disclosure is in the individual's best interests.
One
of those discrete developments is the cooperation
agreement that the Shanghai Higher People's Court and Dubai International Finance Centre Court signed in October 2016 (reported here), which must have required the concurrence
of the SPC.. The other discrete development is the memorandum
of understanding on legal and judicial cooperation between the SPC and Singapore Supreme Court, signed in August 2017, relating to mutual recognition and
enforcement of monetary
judgments, judicial training for judges, and the Belt & Road initiative.
Third, this paragraph allows covered entities to disclose protected health information about an individual without the individual's
agreement if the disclosure is expressly authorized by statute or regulation and either: (1) The covered entity, in the exercise
of its professional
judgment, believes that the disclosure is necessary to prevent serious harm to the individual or to other potential victims; or (2) if the individual is unable to agree due to incapacity, a law
enforcement or other public official authorized to received the report represents that the protected health information for which disclosure is sought is not intended to be used against the individual, and that an immediate
enforcement activity that depends on the disclosure would be materially and adversely affected by waiting until the individual is able to agree to the disclosure.
How will Brexit affect conflict
of law rules,
enforcement of judgments, applicability
of WTO and other global trading
agreements?
If spouses negotiated a settlement
agreement as part
of their divorce
judgment, either spouse may need
enforcement help if the other spouse breaches the
agreement.