By increasing the speed of a manual shift, Oerlikon Graziano has been able to reduce the torque interruption, keeping
the engine at optimum efficiency for longer and reducing engine transients to save fuel.
The fact it «only» has six gears, in a sector that's quickly adopting transmissions with seven, eight and even nine forward ratios, means there's less of a chance of keeping
the engines at their optimum cruising rev range.
Thanks to the closely stacked gear ratios, it should remain relatively straightforward to keep
the engines at their optimum rev bands, and the gear changes themselves are fairly smooth and seamless.
Not exact matches
Additionally, we know more fuel is consumed when the
engine isn't running
at it's
optimum speed for power production.
It will be offered with 16 - or 17 - inch wheels, and replaces the current
Optima Hybrid's 2.4 - liter gas direct - injection
engine with a 2.0 - liter gas - direct injection four with a high - voltage electric oil pump, rated 154 horsepower
at 6,000 rpm and 139 pound - feet
at 4,000 rpm.
Given two
engines of similar weight, both operated
at their respective
optimum efficiency (i.e. maximum mechanical work done per unit of chemical enthalpy in the burnt fuel), you will end up with similar fuel consumption for either
engine type.
In my dealings with exhaust companies it was always an elaborate process of pressure volume graphs, gas velocities, valve timings and component temperatures and pipe length,
at an
optimum engine RPM.
Note how I say «alternator
at optimum» this speed is nearly never the best unloaded operating point of the
engine, so your fuel consumption will be very much sub-optimal.
It is unlikely the car charging can actually supply 1.5 kW to the outside, since the alternators get designed for about -LRB--LCB- everything the car needs -RCB- + -LCB- what could possibly be added -RCB--RRB- * 1.3; so that usually leaves no more than 50 % of the actual alternator power, usually less, to be gotten from the car, while running
at the
engine speed
at which the alternator is
at optimum.
Select hybrid mode and it mixes use of the gas
engine and electric motor for
optimum efficiency and performance, while the PSM Sport mode allows a «significantly sportier» driving style and Sport + mode recharges the battery
at a much higher rate.
To help with the explanation of the second component, Figure Two shows traces of in - cylinder pressure (black), port pressure
at the intake valve (light blue) and port pressure
at the exhaust valve (red), taken from a simulation of a high BMEP
engine operating near the
optimum tuning point for both intake and exhaust.
The 2011 Kia
Optima Hybrid may be the brands first hybrid, but the driveline architecture is courtesy of the recently introduced Hyundai Sonata hybrid, which means it's a full hybrid and can be driven in electric - only mode, or gasoline
engine mode, or any combination of the two
at speeds up to 62 miles - per - hour.
SRC ensures that
engine revs are always
at the
optimum level when the driver is changing gear, delivering perfect «heel and toe» changes every time.
Hence the presence of a track - specification cooling system, which ensures that the
optimum temperature balance for the
engine, turbochargers and transmission is maintained
at all times.
By contrast, three of the Kia
Optima models have a 2.4 L I - 4
engine that's rated
at only 185 hp and 178 lb - ft of torque.
Optimum use of power and maximum protection for the
engine at the same time are the result.
VTEC helps the
engine to deliver
optimum power and efficiency
at all times.
Positioned behind you for
optimum weight distribution and thrilling dynamics, the acclaimed M838T
engine combines 3.8 litres and twin - turbocharging technology to produce an astonishing 650PS
at 7250rpm, while 95 % of its 678Nm is spread from 3000 - 7000rpm.
It keeps the
engine operating
at optimum efficiency with a band rather than fixed gears.
The CVT keeps the
engine operating
at optimum efficiency with a band rather than fixed gears.
The No. 38 B.R.A.K.E.S.
Optima turbo on display
at SEMA was driven by Mark Wilkins throughout the 2014 season and utilizes the same 2.0 - liter turbocharged four - cylinder GDI
engine found in the Kia
Optima SX and SXL.
A sequential 6 - speed transmission directs
engine power to the permanent all - wheel drive system, guaranteeing
optimum power transmission
at all times, while gear shifting is achieved using wheel - mounted paddles.
A vehicle's accessories, such as the air conditioner, power steering pump, water pump, or alternator, draw power from the
engine and impact the vehicle's fuel efficiency when they are running
at speeds that are above or below their
optimum rpm.
At the first time Kia talked about releasing the
Optima in Europe with four different
engines (1.6 GDi with 140hp, 2.0 GDi...
This design concept and configuration —
engine at the front, drive wheels
at the rear — guarantees
optimum traction, near - perfect weight distribution front - to - rear, excellent directional stability, and predictable handling.
Prospective
Optima drivers will have three
engine options
at their disposal, including two that carry over from the previous generation.
To learn more about the
engine options or to see the interior space for yourself, schedule a test drive of the 2018 Kia
Optima at Schaumburg Kia in Schaumburg, IL.
Unfortunately, the frequency, magnitude and timing of these pulses varies with speed, so the volumetric efficiency of an
engine with fixed valve timing will only be
optimum at one speed.
With 178 hp and 195 lb - ft of torque, the smallest
engine should have plenty of power to get the
Optima moving, though expect the usual DCT grabbiness
at low speeds and on initial acceleration.
The two - mode transmission is the key to the whole system, which attempts to keep the
engine running
at the
optimum rpm for low fuel consumption.
Enhanced Hybrid Performance Targeting a 10 percent increase in fuel economy, the
Optima Hybrid replaces the previous generation's 2.4 - liter
engine with an efficient and compact 2.0 - liter GDI four cylinder — estimated
at 154 horsepower — coupled with a hybrid starter generator and tied to an upgraded, smooth - shifting six - speed transmission.
The Koreans didn't release any hard specs, but based on their estimates, the
Optima equipped with 1.7 - liter diesel
engine - currently rated
at 134 horsepower - could generate up to 160 ponies with the T - Hybrid drivetrain.
At the 2015 edition of the New York International Auto Show, Kia is introducing a slightly longer, slightly wider Kia
Optima with an all - new 1.6 - liter
engine and seven speed dual clutch transmission.
«The positioning of the
engine provides an
optimum front - to - rear weight balance and allows the designers to push the wheels out to the car's corners for better interior space utilization,» Mark McNabb, vice president of Infiniti, said
at a media preview of the car.
The
engine automatically increases oil flow pressure as
engine speeds or loads rise (and the compression ratio lowers), ensuring
optimum running temperatures
at all times.
Inspired by motor sport,
at the push of a button it pre-conditions the
engine and transmission for
optimum responsiveness.
The sedan's body is now made of 50 percent ultra high - strength steel, up front 20 percent, helping torsional rigidity jump 50 percent, while three
engine choices keep the 2016
Optima at the front of the sedan pack.
Admittedly, as the peak outputs are higher up in the rev range, you do need to work the
engine a bit in order to extract the most from it, but the smoothness of the
engine and linearity of its power delivery means this 3.6 - liter powerplant never feels stressed when you do so — plus, as we'll go into shortly, the transmission does do a good job
at keeping the
engine in the
optimum power band.
For such an extremely powerful automobile, the most crucial task of the body shell design is aerodynamic efficiency: the
optimum airflow for absolute stability
at all speeds and,
at the same time,
optimum cooling for the
engine.
Kia has revealed the new
Optima in Euro spec ahead of a debut
at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, with new styling, more room and a single
engine option.
Long Haul Bow Tie Vehicle: 2003 Chevy Silverado 2500HD 4X4 Owner: Shaughn «Shoggin» Reid Location: Drove 8,600 miles from Los Angeles to Pitman, New Jersey Chassis: Stock hydroformed GM frame rails
Engine: LB7 Duramax turbo diesel, AFE air filter,
Optima batteries, Edge Hot Juice programmer, So Cal Diesel tuning Drivetrain: Allison transmission,
ATS torque convertor,
ATS transmission pan, Amsoil transmission oil, polished aluminum rear driveshaft, 14 - bolt rear differential, Oasis cover, Amsoil gear oil Suspension: Front RCD 6 - inch lift, RCD lower control arm drop brackets and steering knuckles, fabricated chromoly upper control arms with uniballs and dual shock mounts, fabricated shock hoops, custom sway bar links, Deaver leaf springs in the rear, 5,000 - pound air bags, long shackles, Bilstien 7100 reservoir shocks, dual ProComp Explorer ES9000 shocks Steering: PSC power steering pump, 0.75 in.
We understand that mileage varies so we're keeping the EPA's 35 city and 40 highway mpg in mind for scoring, but seeing is believing, and
at an observed 32 mpg for the
Optima Hybrid, we didn't see much of an improvement over the
Optima EX with the 2.4 - liter GDI
engine.
Power for the 2012 Kia
Optima Limited comes from the direct - injected 2.0 - liter 4 - cylinder
engine rated
at 274 bhp and 269 lb. - ft.
In contrast with the Sonata Sport 2.0 T's power - over-luxe approach, the Kia
Optima EX trades the turbo
engine for a kitchen - sink options package; it's not an apples - to - apples comparison, but it is an example of the kind of tradeoff buyers
at the $ 30K price point face.
Each gear change takes place automatically and
at the
optimum engine speed.
This means that the
optimum charge pressure can be built up
at low
engine revs.
This is achieved by providing reduced intake valve lift and duration
at low
engine speeds for good torque, with increased intake valve lift and duration
at higher rpm for
optimum power.
On R - Dynamic models, the vents are finished in satin chrome • The grille mesh features a 3D chamfering detail on its wide, flat hexagons motif to catch the light with Jaguar's biggest - ever Growler grille badge
at the centre, concealing the Adaptive Cruise Control sensors • Round tailpipe finishers are neatly integrated into the rear valance, providing a visual reminder of the vehicle's performance, exhaust note and refinement, inspired by jet
engine tailpipes • The large upper tailgate spoiler is a three - piece design that has been tuned for
optimum airflow
The supercharger blades are set in
optimum motion even
at low
engine speeds.
The combustion chamber's design produces greater turbulence and better gas combustion
at low
engine speeds, and also obtains
optimum performance in the high
engine - speed range thanks to improved cylinder filling.