The procedure transplants nuclear DNA from an egg of a woman with mitochondrial disease into
an enucleated egg cell from a woman with healthy mitochondria.
SCNT is a technique wherein the nucleus from a somatic cell (an adult cell that is not a sperm or egg, i.e. not the gametes) is implanted into
an enucleated egg cell which can then be implanted into, and develop in, a surrogate mother, and potentially become an adult organism.
The next steps in cloning would be to 1) insert a donor nucleus of a new bird into
the enucleated egg cell, 2) stimulate embryonic growth, and 3) implant the embryo into a mother bird or egg.
But the next step — transferring the nucleus — was different; rather than fusing the donor cell with
the enucleated egg cell, the team removed the donor nucleus with a very fine needle and injected it into the donor egg.
The only way to do this now is by nuclear transfer to
an enucleated egg cell («therapeutic cloning»).
OAR proponents claim that when the altered donor - cell nucleus with its activated nanog gene is transferred to the enucleated oocyte (egg cell), the presence of nanog will immediately convert
the enucleated egg cell to a pluripotent cell, without ever forming a zygote.
The resulting cells are themselves fused with other
enucleated egg cells.
A team in the laboratory of Atsuo Ogura at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Shinjuku, Tokyo, cloned 12 mice by removing nuclei from testis cells and inserting them into
enucleated egg cells.
Not exact matches
Then, the DNA would be removed from an oocyte (an
egg cell) and this
enucleated oocyte fused to the altered adult
cell» creating a new
cell that is neither an oocyte nor an adult
cell but a hybrid exhibiting the properties programmed into it by the alterations made to the adult -
cell nucleus.
Other researchers have previously cloned animals, including mammals, by transferring nuclei from embryonic
cells into such
enucleated eggs.
He tested various methods to quickly and precisely remove the nuclear materials from the
egg cell and promote the fusion of the nucleus - donor
cell and
enucleated egg.
After many attempts, CC was created by coaxing the nucleus of a
cell from a calico cat into an
enucleated egg; an electrical spark prompted the hybrid to divide, and the resulting embryo was then transferred into a surrogate mother.
You take that
cell and fuse it to the
enucleated egg, activate it — which starts it growing — and transfer it to a surrogate mother.
Wilmut and his colleagues transplanted a nucleus from a mammary gland
cell of a Finn Dorsett sheep into the
enucleated egg of a Scottish blackface ewe.
In 1996 researchers in Scotland used SCNT to transplant the nucleus of an adult sheep
cell into an
enucleated sheep
egg, producing Dolly, the first cloned mammal.
In essence, these studies suggested that a newly fertilized,
enucleated egg has the ability to «reprogram» a much older donor nucleus, making the resultant
cell behave as though it were at a very early embryonic state.
SCNT is a technique wherein the nucleus from a somatic
cell (an adult
cell that is not a sperm or an
egg) is implanted into an
enucleated egg which can be implanted into, and develop, in a surrogate mother, and potentially become an adult organism.
In 1938, Hans Spemann showed that a nucleus from a fertilized salamander
egg that had already undergone
cell division several times could be implanted into a
cell from a newly fertilized salamander
egg that is
enucleated (has had its nucleus removed) and create an entire adult salamander (Spemann, 1938).
An adult
cell from the mammary gland of a Finn - Dorset ewe acted as the nuclear donor; it was fused with an
enucleated egg from a Scottish Blackface ewe, which acted as the cytoplasmic (or
egg) donor.
This theoretical feat involved two key components: (1) a fertilized
egg that has had its nucleus removed (what is called «
enucleated»), and (2) a nucleus from an older
cell.