Sentences with phrase «epigenetic control of»

Stress, epigenetic control of gene expression and memory formation.

The group's study titled «Glucose Restriction Can Extend Normal Cell Lifespan and Impair Precancerous Cell Growth Through Epigenetic Control of hTERT and p16 Expression» has been published in the online edition of The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, or FASEB Journal.

Interestingly, it has been reported that reduced levels of two modifiers of epigenetic gene silencing, Dnmt3a and Kap1, cause an increased phenotypic noise, suggesting that faithful epigenetic control of transcription is central to suppressing deleterious levels of phenotypic variation [43].

If we continue to advance in the study of endocannabinoids, another report entitled «Epigenetic control of skin differentiation genes with phytocannabinoids» confirms that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in epidermal physiology.

Researchers have identified a host of factors involved in epigenetic control of gene expression and development, but many of the precise mechanisms underlying this type of regulation remain unclear.

This is number two in my series of blogs on epigenetic control of genome restructuring and hereditary transmission of traits...

As a partner of the European Consortium 3D - REPERTOIRE and coordinator of the Spanish Structural Genomics Consortium GENES, our group studies several protein complexes and molecular machines, some of which are related to the epigenetic control of gene expression.

Hypothetical roles of the methyltransferase could involve any of the following: 1) the epigenetic control of differential pir gene expression in acute and chronic infections50, 2) the sequence may have a role in genome stability and recombination, or 3) this could be a selfish gene that was able to transpose.

We attempt to understand how the organisation of chromatin determines the epigenetic control of T cell responses in vitro and in vivo.

A major aspect of our work centers around transcriptional and epigenetic control of plasticity in cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle in physiology and disease.

Unravelling the epigenetic control of the lactase gene involved a collaborative effort of CAMH, University of Toronto, the Hospital for Sick Children, Vilnius University and the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences.

This information can help parents understand that babies need responsiveness and lots of touch and movement to develop self - regulation (e.g., vagus nerve; Porges, 2011), epigenetic controls of anxiety, and the stress response (HPA axis; McEwan, 2003) from the first moments after birth.

We can not use randomized controlled experiments with people but do so with animals, demonstrating, for example in Michael Meaney's lab, that affectionate touch in early life is critical for epigenetic controls of anxiety in mammals.

Not exact matches

In a matched case - control design, they found a potential genetic - epigenetic biomarker of postpartum depression.

Epigenetic processes are essentially switches that control a gene's potentially heritable levels of protein production but without involving changes to underlying structure of a gene's DNA.

These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, control the activity of our genes without changing the actual DNA sequence.

Each cell carries this information tightly packed on a two - meter long DNA strand in the cell nucleus and specific epigenetic mechanisms control access to the «blueprint of life».

To find out if that was the case, he teamed up with John Goutsias, Ph.D., professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, to find a way to measure this controlled type of randomness, scientifically termed epigenetic stochasticity, by using the information - theoretic concept of Shannon entropy.

The findings by a team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators, which will be published in the April 24 issue of Cell and are receiving advance online release, support the importance of epigenetics — processes controlling whether or not genes are expressed — in cancer pathology and identify molecular circuits that may be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

In light of this shortcoming, some investigators see room for an increased focus on an alternative explanation for heritable traits: epigenetics, the molecular processes that control a gene's potential to act.

On the outside of the heterochromatin bundles are chemical markers, known as epigenetic tags, which control the structure of the heterochromatin.

«A general message from these studies is that cancer cells benefit from modulating epigenetic factors like SIRT6 by acquiring the ability to override normal cellular growth control patterns,» says Mostoslavsky, an associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and an associate member at the Broad Institute.

The chemical modification of histones is thought to be a form of epigenetic information — information separate from our DNA — that controls gene regulation.

Gene Robinson, a geneticist at the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, says that the paper «opens a new line of study on the role of epigenetics in controlling reproductive conflict» in bumblebees.

Clinicians could then prevent the disease by placing teenagers predisposed to this epigenetic change on a birth control pill regimen, preventing the possibility of retrograde menstruation in the first place, Bulun said.

Her research centers on engineering the network of proteins that interact with DNA to control the expression of inherited traits (epigenetics) with the aim of rationally designing new biological systems with predictable, reliable behavior, and replacing «magic bullet medicine» with «smart medicine.»

DNA methylation, one mechanism of epigenetics, is a chemical tag on DNA that does not change the gene sequence but is involved in controlling gene expression.

His team's previous work had hinted that FMRP controls a group of proteins called epigenetic regulators.

«A large number of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells was activated simultaneously when the epigenetic control provided by genomic imprinting was removed,» explains Venkatraman.

But as you said, as an individual eats a high - fat diet or is exposed to other types of environmental exposures, the ability of the liver to adapt involves turning on and turning off certain liver genes to control the liver's activity, and that's mediated through these epigenetic mechanisms that modify the activity of established liver genes.

The pair of studies bring renewed focus to the epigenetics of T cells — the multilayered system of molecular switches, accelerators, and throttles that controls the activity of genes.

One such surprise was the relative importance of two types of epigenetic control switches for retinal development.

Gore and her colleagues believe these effects are epigenetic; that is, rather than inducing genetic mutations, which would change the sequence of the rats» DNA, the fungicide is permanently silencing or reprogramming normal genes that control development and behavior.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

The specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.

The researchers used tools of epigenomic analysis to trace the specific epigenetic switches controlling each of thousands of genes in both mouse and human retinal cells as the cells progressed through development.

Joining forces with dermatologists and oncologists from the University Hospital in Zurich and backed by the University Research Priority Program «Translational Cancer Research,» Sommer's team was able to demonstrate that, in melanoma cells, the epigenetic factor EZH2 controls genes that govern tumor growth as well as genes that are important for the formation of metastases.

It is a form of epigenetic regulation — the control of how and when parts of the genome operate.

In addition, they demonstrate that the repression mechanism of Chrono is under epigenetic control and links, via a glucocorticoid receptor, to metabolic pathways triggered by behavioral stress.

This is both a useful tool for giving us a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic program controlling the self - renewal of stem cells, and on a practical side, it could allow us to inexpensively produce large numbers of immune cells, which could then be used for regenerative medicine or immune therapy.»

Recent studies have expanded the search for genetic links from identifying genes toward epigenetics, the study of factors that control gene expression and looks at chemical modifications of DNA and the proteins associated with it.

This epigenetic regulatory layer controls where, when and how genes are activated, and is believed to be behind many of the differences between human groups.

Step one of the environmental epigenetic control pathway is that the cell initiates a specific change to one amino acid in a protein named JMJD1A and this altered JMJD1A recruits other proteins.

Using data from blood and brain tissue, a team led by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that they could gain insights into mechanisms that might help explain autism by analyzing the interplay between genes and chemical tags that control whether genes are used to make a protein, called epigenetic marks.

The current work shows that changes in the genetic code of a particular gene can control epigenetic marks at different genes, implying that a gene's genetic code can affect whether other genes are turned on and off, which makes it important to understand the function of all genes involved, not just the one with the so - called misspelling.

Collaborating with the labs of Salk Professors Joseph Ecker and Alan Saghatelian, the Izpisua Belmonte team performed extensive characterization of the new cells and found rsPSCs showed distinct molecular and metabolic characteristics as well as novel epigenetic signatures — that is, patterns of chemical modifications to DNA that control which genes are turned on or off without changing the DNA sequence.

Understanding these pathways, and the identification of the key proteins that control the ability of cancer cells to reprogram their metabolism through biochemical, and epigenetic or genetic alterations that make them resistant to therapies, is of paramount importance for the design of more targeted and therefore less toxic therapies.

His group is are studying the mechanism of stable inherited epigenetic transcriptional repression by Polycomb - group (Pc - G) protein complexes, and the effects of deregulation of Pc - G genes on Homeobox gene expression, development, Cell cycle control and cancer formation.

The study of epigenetics is dealing with the processes that control the use of genetic information through changing chromatin structure.

However, 15,627 CpG sites in / near ∼ 30 % of all genes exhibited differential methylation in adipose tissue from a case - control cohort of unrelated individuals, supporting a key role for epigenetic modifications in T2D patients.