Sentences with phrase «epigenetic modifications»

Later in life the genetic material can be changed by epigenetic modifications, i.e. chemical alterations of the DNA the affect the activity of the genes.

These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, control the activity of our genes without changing the actual DNA sequence.

These alterations, technically called epigenetic modifications, can be transmitted from mother to child for generations.

The reality is we just don't know what effect — if any — traumatic events have on epigenetic modifications.

Scientists have long suspected that epigenetic modifications contribute to cancer.

It has been long debated if epigenetic modifications accumulated throughout the entire life can cross the border of generations and be inherited to children or even grand children.

I am particularly interested about investigating links between genetic and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer.

But unlike with genetic mutations, we can «undo» bad epigenetic modifications.

Evidence suggests that environment and lifestyle choices can trigger epigenetic modifications, and that could help explain why identical twins end up being not so identical.

In the past few years, researchers have begun to suspect that so - called epigenetic modifications are behind this programming.

What we found is that the ability of this chronic social stress to produce maladaptive changes in brain and behavior — loss of pleasure, inability to sleep normally and so on — are mediated through epigenetic modifications of gene expression, in particular, emotional centers of the brain.

Nestler: The ability of this chronic social stress to produce maladaptive changes in brain and behavior are mediated through epigenetic modifications of gene expression in particular emotional centers of the brain.

«Father's environmental exposure affects sperm epigenetics, study shows: Phthalate levels in expectant fathers have an effect on couples» reproductive success via epigenetic modifications of sperm DNA.»

However, 15,627 CpG sites in / near ∼ 30 % of all genes exhibited differential methylation in adipose tissue from a case - control cohort of unrelated individuals, supporting a key role for epigenetic modifications in T2D patients.

A messenger RNA epigenetic modification regulates stem cell progression from the pluripotent to the differentiated state.

Epigenetic modifications do not affect the DNA sequence of genes, but change how the DNA is packaged and how genes are expressed.

In a previous article published in the May issue of the journal Genetics & Epigenetics, the authors discuss how epigenetic modifications play a role in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic and pulmonary disorders.

Research in the Meissner laboratory focuses on how stem cells achieve and maintain pluripotency, and the role that epigenetic modifications play in this process.

It turns out in our works to date that we've been able to find epigenetic modifications at particular genes in emotional centers of the brain that mediate that resilience.

The study, published September 19 in Science, focused on one well studied epigenetic modification — the methylation of a DNA packaging protein called histone H3.

In a research effort that merged genetics, physics and information theory, a team at the schools of medicine and engineering at The Johns Hopkins University has added significantly to evidence that large regions of the human genome have built - in variability in reversible epigenetic modifications made to their DNA.

In this way, certain epigenetic modifications of the histone tails are removed.

Corin is particularly attractive as an inhibitor of epigenetic modifications because it has dual - target specificity which allows for more selective targeting of epigenetic complexes in treated cells.

The study is the first to establish a close link between epigenetic modifications on a cancer gene and the risk of developing the disease, says Robert Philibert, a behavioral geneticist at the University of Iowa in Iowa City.

The discovery by Northwestern Medicine scientists suggests epigenetic modification, a process that enhances or disrupts how DNA is read, is an integral component of the disease and its progression.

«We want to allow people to prove the causal role of specific epigenetic modifications in the genome,» Zhang said in MIT's press release.

Professor Keith Godfrey, from the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and the National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, and a member of the study team, said: «The new findings provide the first direct evidence linking faltering of a baby's growth in the womb with epigenetic modifications that themselves may increase the risk of childhood obesity.

One of the main epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation, which plays a key role in embryonic development and the formation of different cell types, regulating when and where genes are switched on.

«Epigenetic modification strikes me as an ideal way for animals to respond to environmental change,» says Alan Cooper, a palaeobiologist at the University of Adelaide in South Australia.

Moreover, in human blood cells of people suffering from morbid obesity and whose glucose metabolism was already disturbed, the researchers detected the same epigenetic modification in the human gene.

«Epigenetic modification increases susceptibility to obesity and predicts fatty liver.»

As the researchers showed, already at the age of six weeks the Igfbp2 gene exhibited higher levels of methylation, i.e. stronger epigenetic modification, and at the same time the IGFBP2 synthesis in the liver was significantly reduced.

An example of epigenetic modifications leading to cancer progenitor cell formation possibly occurs in leukemia development.

In order to elucidate the significance of early epigenetic modifications on the development of neural cells during embryogenesis in the mouse, Götz and her colleagues specifically inactivated the gene Uhrf1.

Martienssen, Couture, and Yannick Jacob, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at CSHL and lead author on the paper, found that the key was a single epigenetic modification.

Sarah Kimmins, who studies transgenerational inheritance at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, pointed out that some of the genes that were knocked down themselves may influence epigenetic modifications.

Epigenetic modifications label specific regions of the DNA to attract or keep away proteins that activate genes.

The locus - specific origin of for mature miR -124-3p was identified at a site on chromosome 3, out of three possible chromosomal sites, and two CpG «islands» that can act as sites from epigenetic modification by DNA methylation were identified near the miR - 124 gene promoter on chromosome 3.

The two genomes are marked by distinct epigenetic modifications acquired during reprogramming.

Since HIV infection itself alters epigenetic processes in the immune system, the research team wondered whether a distinct DNA methylation profile, a major epigenetic modification where methyl groups are added to DNA, occurs in those with HIV associated - cognitive impairment and whether it exists in distinct immune cell populations from the blood.

Our next experiments will look more closely at epigenetic modifications within the thermogenesis signaling pathway so that we may manipulate it,» said Sakai.

To alter DNA modifications, researchers used blunt tools like histone deacetylases, but targeted epigenetic modification was impossible.

With the genome engineering revolution came epigenome - engineering tools - zinc finger nucleases and TALENs fused to epigenetic modifiers enabled epigenetic modifications at a user - specified locus.

Toward the end of his postdoc, as a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation fellow, Dr. Lomvardas started working on DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications of olfactory receptors.

We focus on the 5hmC epigenetic modification and have a patent protected platform for detection of highly accurate signatures for a variety of diseases using this mark.

«Effects of endocrine - disrupting chemicals may be transmitted to further generations through germline epigenetic modifications or from continued exposure of offspring to the environmental insult.»