Dawkins also shows a profound misunderstanding of what «intelligence» means, most probably because of his presumption that consciousness and «mind» are
epiphenomena of complex organic structures such as the brain.
Or, if you prefer philosophical examples, consider the recent debates between proponents of a unified cognitive science, a science that would demonstrate mental events to be either strictly identical with physical events or
epiphenomena of them — people like Daniel Dennett and Patricia Churchland — and those who think that there is a philosophically irreducible difference between the physical and the mental — that is, people like Thomas Nagel and John Searle.
Not exact matches
Is it consistent with sound logic to maintain that these are mere
epiphenomena fully explicable in terms
of physics and chemistry?
But these are regarded as
epiphenomena, as the rattling
of the train is to the motion
of the train, or else phenomena equated with chemical and electrical activities in the brain.
The assumption
of interactionism has the advantage that it explains why increasingly complicated psychic phenomena evolved and why they must not be regarded as
epiphenomena.
In the former case we are required to believe something which is eminently sensible but which can not be scientifically confirmed; in the second we are required to believe in a source
of value added to or injected into a natural process as complexity develops, which we are unable to understand — either this, or we have to regard values as pure
epiphenomena.
In reductionism, lower levels
of reality determine completely the higher levels; thus higher levels are «
epiphenomena».
One corollary
of this account is a cosmology in which all «nature» is alive; aim, feeling, life are not accidental
epiphenomena, but built into the very foundation
of things.
These things are not by - products,
epiphenomena, or projections, as no small number
of capitalist as well as socialist authors today think.
Geoff — «Hickman and Carrington are
epiphenomena, gasbags kept afloat by the eccentric beliefs
of Guardian editor Ruisbridger.