«We have genetically different mice, but we implanted the same
epithelial cells into all of them,» says Mao.
Stage I lactogenesis, or secretory initiation, occurs during pregnancy and is defined by the differentiation of mammary alveolar
epithelial cells into specialized secretory cells, termed lactocytes (1).
In the first half of pregnancy secretory differentiation (the differentiation of alveolar
epithelial cells into milk - secreting cells), ductal branching and lobular formation of the breast (mammogenesis) occur.
Not exact matches
Stem
cells have also been identified in human milk, and have the potential to differentiate
into mammary
epithelial lineages under mammary differentiation conditions in vitro, as well as other
cell types in corresponding microenvironments, including bone
cells, brain
cells, liver
cells, pancreatic beta
cells and heart
cells.
As lipid droplets exit the mammary
epithelial cell, they are enveloped by
cell membrane and secreted
into milk as membrane - bound globules of fat.
Ten years ago, the team at Advanced
Cell Technology announced that it had successfully converted human embryonic stem
cells into retinal pigment
epithelial cells.
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and invasion
into human
epithelial cells.
The now - mesenchymal
cells can then travel to a remote site, where they eventually convert back to their
epithelial state and clump together
into a secondary tumor.
«With Rudolph,» Farber says, «the coral DNA got inserted
into a gene that is normally expressed in the nasal
epithelial cells, the
cells of his nose.
A membrane — designed to support the cultivation and differentiation of human nasal
epithelial stem
cells — was inserted
into a small chamber on the device and fresh or contaminated air was fed through a tiny channel.
The mechanisms that promote or enable drug resistance include drug inactivation, drug target alteration, drug removal from
cells, DNA damage repair,
cell death inhibition and the
epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) that enable solid tumors to transform
into more metastatic grades.
In this pilot study to test the safety of putting iPS - derived
cells into humans, the six are all receiving a graft of new retinal pigment
epithelial cells, which serve to maintain the eye's light - sensing
cells.
What's more, the researchers discovered two years ago that the suppression of Esrp activity helps to enable a process called the
epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which
epithelial cells acquire properties allowing them to detach and develop
into new tissue.
She and her group had studied the nature and function of
epithelial cells, the gut - lining
cells that come
into contact with breast milk in nursing infants.
They found that infection of the narrowest airways of the lung by PIV3 alone caused moderate levels of inflammation, but after infection by PIV3 expressing RSV NS2, the
epithelial cells lining the narrow airways were shed rapidly
into the airway lumen.
«But what we've now shown is that RSV has an increased ability to cause airway obstruction because, during an RSV infection, the virus expresses a specific RSV - encoded non-structural protein, or NS2, in
epithelial cells, causing the
cells to shed from the airway lining and
into the airway lumen.
When they delivered this virus
into the noses of mice and ferrets, the animals»
epithelial cells produced the desired antibodies; they then «challenged» the animals with a range of dangerous influenza viruses that no single vaccine can outwit, including H5N1, which kills both birds and humans, and the H1N1 that caused the infamous 1918 pandemic.
But the pH - responsiveness also allows the bacterium to escape a certain death by detaching from
epithelial - and mucus
cells that are shed
into the gastric juice,» says Jeanna Bugaytsova, researcher at Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and first - author of the article.
The EMT is a biological process wherein
epithelial cells (
cells that line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs) become mesenchymal (skeletal) stem
cells that can move throughout the body and differentiate
into a variety of
cell types.
To test their idea for the dry form, Amir Kashani of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and his colleagues coated 6 by 4 - millimetre slithers of polymer with retinal pigment
epithelial cells they had grown, then transplanted these
into four people.
According to Dr. Bleich and his co-investigators, «
Epithelial barrier function is predominantly dependent on tight junction proteins, which regulate transport
into and between
cells.
He and his colleagues will inject
into patients» eyes retinal pigment
epithelial cells that ACT derived from hES
cells.
The research team then tested RMC - 1 in cultured human airway
epithelial cells and mouse models of asthma (via injection
into the animals» peritoneal cavities).
Starting with procedures other research teams had previously worked out to convert iPSCs
into keratinocytes, Xu's team demonstrated that by carefully controlling the timing of the growth factors the
cells received, they could force the iPSCs to generate large numbers of
epithelial stem
cells.
The
epithelial stem
cells, when implanted
into immunocompromised mice, regenerated the different
cell types of human skin and hair follicles, and even produced structurally recognizable hair shaft, raising the possibility that they may eventually enable hair regeneration in people.
Xiaowei «George» Xu, MD, PhD, associate professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and colleagues published in Nature Communications a method for converting adult
cells into epithelial stem
cells (EpSCs), the first time anyone has achieved this in either humans or mice.
They then converted the iPS
cells into epithelial stem
cells, normally found at the bulge of hair follicles.
When normal
cells are transformed
into cancer
cells, this
epithelial tissue can take on the characteristics of embryonic tissue, known as mesenchymal tissue, which is comprised of unspecialized
cells that will develop, as the embryo matures,
into more specialized tissues.
MimEX ™ Tissue Models System provides a platform for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of adult
epithelial stem
cells into 3 - D ex vivo organ tissue.
Subsequent studies, as reviewed by Daniels et al. [11] and Lavker and Sun [12] showed that some
cells located in the anterior limbus are stem
cells which partially differentiate
into transient amplifying
cells while migrating centrally
into the posterior
epithelial layer of the cornea.
Using Cultrex ® BME, MimEX ™ Tissue Models System provides a platform for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of adult
epithelial stem
cells into 3 - D ex vivo organ tissue.
Preliminary data we have now obtained further indicate that in somite
cells, the activation of the NOTCH pathway triggers a «signalling module» that couples the initiation of myogenesis with the
epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) that allows them to migrate
into the growing muscle.
The stem
cells in the bulge are multipotent
epithelial stem
cells, and can become, or differentiate
into, all the
epithelial cell types in the follicle (including hair follicles, epidermis, and sebaceous glands)(Oshima et al., 2001).
We have recently shown that in avian embryos, muscle formation is initiated by Delta1 - positive neural crest
cells migrating from the dorsal neural tube that, in passing, trigger NOTCH signalling and myogenesis in selected
epithelial somite progenitor
cells, allowing them to migrate
into the nascent muscle to differentiate.
Assembly of connexin43
into gap junctions is regulated differentially by E-cadherin and N - cadherin in rat liver
epithelial cells.
It also provides new insights
into how the
epithelial cells that line the body and its organs stick together.
In this pilot case, a sheet of retinal pigment
epithelial cells was transplanted
into a patient.
Uptake of rabies virus
into epithelial cells by clathrin - mediated endocytosis depends upon actin.
A trial being conducted by Advanced
Cell Technology is testing the effectiveness of MA09 - hRPE, human ESCs terminally differentiated
into retinal pigment
epithelial (RPE)
cells, in treating degenerative macular diseases.
In chick embryos, skeletal muscle formation is initiated by migrating Delta1 - expressing neural crest
cells that trigger NOTCH signaling and myogenesis in selected
epithelial somite progenitor
cells, which rapidly translocate
into the nascent muscle to differentiate.
Scientists study dorsal closure, which occurs during the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, to gain insights
into wound healing in humans, as both processes involve closing a gap in the skin by stretching the surrounding
epithelial cells over it.
We have also recently shown that carcinogenic strains of H. pylori can selectively activate B - catenin, and this is due to translocation of CagA
into the host
epithelial cell.
The company has turned human embryonic stem
cells into retinal pigment
epithelial cells, which will be surgically implanted
into the eye.
Prominin - 2 is a cholesterol - binding protein associated with apical and basolateral plasmalemmal protrusions in polarized
epithelial cells and released
into urine.
In a wide range of
epithelial tissues such as kidney tubules or breast acini,
cells organize
into bidimensional monolayers experiencing an out - of - plane curvature.
Meyer et al 2009 [24] have recently shown that iPS
cells can be differentiated towards retinal
cell types whilst a paper by Buchholz et al 2009 [25] has shown that human iPS
cells can be differentiated
into retinal pigment
epithelial cells which display functionality in vitro.
Primary kidney
epithelial cells isolated from human proximal tubule are cultured on the upper surface of an extracellular matrix - coated, porous, polyester membrane that splits the main channel of the device
into two adjacent channels, thereby creating an apical «luminal» channel and a basal «interstitial» space.
We developed a way of getting siRNAs
into epithelial cells by either mixing them with a transfection lipid used to introduce exogenous nucleic acids
into cells in the lab or by adding a cholesterol tag to the end of the RNA sequence that allowed the RNA to be taken up
into cells.
At the tips of these
cells are the microvilli, which absorb properly digested nutrients and transport them through the
epithelial cell and
into the bloodstream.
The mechanism by which they do this is pretty darn cool: gram - negative bacteria secrete acyl - homoserine lactones — compounds that are similar in taste to bitter plants like angelica or dandelion, thereby activating T2R
cells and triggering a release of antibacterial compounds
into epithelial cells.