Sentences with phrase «epithelial cells which»

Ciliary dyskinesis - This is a syndrome which has been reported in the Chinese Shar - Pei in which the cilia (microscopic hair - like projections on the epithelial cells which line the upper airways) are malformed or nonexistent.

Meyer et al 2009 [24] have recently shown that iPS cells can be differentiated towards retinal cell types whilst a paper by Buchholz et al 2009 [25] has shown that human iPS cells can be differentiated into retinal pigment epithelial cells which display functionality in vitro.

Initial reprogramming efforts used adult mouse limbal progenitors (epithelial cells which express Sox2, Klf4, and Myc) which the group reprogrammed to iPSCs using embryonic stem cell CM (ESCM) supplemented with MAPK and GSK3 inhibitors as previously described [4, 5].

«It was known that the epithelial cells which line the airways in the lungs produce a protein called thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) that causes inflammation.

Not exact matches

Vitamin A also maintains epithelial cells, which are responsible for keeping body surfaces healthy so that they can act as barriers to infection.

A 2012 study found that consuming maltodextrin increased bacterial adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced E. coli adhesion, which is associated with autoimmune disorders and dybiosis in your gut.

Increasing Metabolism and Digestive Efficiency Other research suggests that capsaicin causes the stomach's epithelial cells to secrete more gastric mucus, the glycoprotein which lubricates food masses and facilitates their movement throughout the stomach.

Secretion of the hormones estrogen and progesterone set the stage for dramatic changes that take place in the breast during pregnancy: a massive proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, and the formation of thousands of ductal structures, which support milk production and transport during lactation.

Vitamin A deficiency and measles both degrade epithelial cells, the protective coating on the organs, which is why secondary infections are much more common and much more severe in acutely malnourished children.

Similar patches and treatments have already been tested against the «wet» form — in which blood vessels invade and destroy the retinal pigment epithelial cells that nourish and support the photoreceptor cells that capture light.

The scientists identified several, including the investigational cancer drug BEZ235, which blocked a key metabolic pathway in flu - infected human lung epithelial cells.

In this study, the researchers found that a specific population of immune cells called macrophages have the ability to secrete or produce a protective or healing factor known as Interleukin - 10 (IL - 10), which can interact with receptors on intestinal epithelial cells to promote wound healing.

In this pilot study to test the safety of putting iPS - derived cells into humans, the six are all receiving a graft of new retinal pigment epithelial cells, which serve to maintain the eye's light - sensing cells.

Part of the cytoskeleton, vimentin gives flexibility and structure to the cell, but it is also a marker of epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is considered a crucial event for metastasis in epithelial tumors.

What's more, the researchers discovered two years ago that the suppression of Esrp activity helps to enable a process called the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells acquire properties allowing them to detach and develop into new tissue.

Esrp1 and Esrp2 are active specifically in epithelial cells, which form the skin, the inner layers of the gut and lung, and other tissues in the body.

Because mice lacking both genes would not be born alive, the scientists followed up this lead by making «conditional knockout mice,» in which Esrp1 and Esrp2 activity was normal early in fetal development, but then was switched off in skin epithelial cells.

So Welham's team set out to engineer vocal fold mucosae in the lab using the two main cell types that make up the tissue — connective fibroblasts, which form the main body, and epithelial cells, which line the surface.

In further tests, he and his colleagues designed a mutated version of the botulism compound, based on the novel crystal structure, in which HA would not bind with the epithelial cell protein E-cadherin.

The scientists now believe that the loss of normal function in the primary cilium leads to the uncontrollable division of renal epithelial cells, which contributes to the formation of ccRCC.

Using a crystal structure of a complex protein compound of botulinum neurotoxin, Rongsheng Jin, associate professor of physiology & biophysics at UC Irvine, and collaborators found that these compounds — called clostridial hemagglutinin (HA)-- bind with epithelial cell proteins in the intestines of patients, which initiates a process that disrupts the close intercellular seals so that the complex toxin molecules can slip through the epithelial barrier.

Three years after publishing a groundbreaking paper in which she isolated adult retinal pigment epithelial stem cells, Temple is in preclinical trials with rats.

«We compared the ability of RSV and parainfluenza virus (PIV3)-- another common virus in children that causes much less severe airway disease — to infect and cause inflammatory responses in a cell culture model of human epithelial cells, which compose the lining of the lung airway.

When they delivered this virus into the noses of mice and ferrets, the animals» epithelial cells produced the desired antibodies; they then «challenged» the animals with a range of dangerous influenza viruses that no single vaccine can outwit, including H5N1, which kills both birds and humans, and the H1N1 that caused the infamous 1918 pandemic.

The study, which followed four individuals for a year after they were treated with embryonic stem cell - derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for macular degeneration, observed no serious side effects (tumor growth or other unexpected effects) related to the therapy.

«Our system is based around a molecule called E-cadherin, which suppresses tumor growth in part by maintaining cells in an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal state,» Tomoki Muramatsu of TMDU says.

In addition, they found that epithelial - derived MMP9 suppresses tumors in CAC by activating the MMP9 - Notch1 - ARF - p53 axis pathway, which increases apoptosis, initiates cell cycle arrest and keeps a check on DNA damage.

The new research finds that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and the availability of certain ligands (molecules that bind to cell membranes) can together determine which genes are actually called on — and whether normal epithelial cells begin to exhibit the behaviors characteristic of highly malignant cancer cells.

Digging deeper, the researchers found the inflammatory response through IL - 1β production was initiated in Paneth cells, which are known to protect the intestinal stem cells to replenish the epithelial lining.

By manipulating it in vitro, a team of researchers led by Prof. David Mooney at Harvard SEAS have identified a possible mechanism by which normal cells turn malignant in mammary epithelial tissues, the tissues frequently involved in breast cancer.

Further tests suggested that epithelial cell progenitors helped by restoring the connection between cells called myoepithelial contractile cells and the lacrimal gland's secretory cells, which produce tears.

Bottom: Human epithelial cells from breast tissue showing the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (blue) which fills the entire cell structure.

The drug treatment and radiation cause damage to the epithelial cells, which form part of the intestinal mucosal layer.

HER2 - positive breast cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis, has been traced to an excess of signaling through receptors, or docking ports, called HER2 found on the surface of certain mammary epithelial cells.

Frequently, a virus will infect an epithelial cell, which compared with a nerve cells are «real virus factories,» says Schiffer: They produce massive amounts of virus that can infect other nearby epithelial cells and can presumably also infect sexual partners.

Similar patches have already had some positive results for the «wet» form, in which blood vessels invade and destroy the retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Different tumor subtypes can include glandular, which include the mammary glands, as well as squamous, which are very rare and involve epithelial cells that line the inside of the breast.

It has been designed for treating the «dry» form of macular degeneration, caused by deposits on the retina gradually killing retinal pigment epithelial cells, which support light - capturing cells.

During pregnancy, hormonal signals cause epithelial cells lining the ducts to proliferate and form ball - like structures called alveoli, which is where milk is made when the baby is born.

The team's findings may also be relevant to inflammatory disorders that affect other parts of the body, such as the linings of the gut and bowel, which, like the skin, are replenished by epithelial stem cells.

According to Dr. Bleich and his co-investigators, «Epithelial barrier function is predominantly dependent on tight junction proteins, which regulate transport into and between cells.

Basically, when you look at different types of cells, such as fibroblasts, which form connective tissue, or epithelial cells, from saliva, you see general correlations within a person.

«The inflammasome in turn activates the enzyme caspase - 1, which then produces two proteins (IL - 1β and IL - 18) that play important roles in the GI tract, including activation of immune cells, induction of antimicrobial peptides, and regulation of epithelial cell proliferation.»

The researchers found that this loss of identity allows the relatively well - behaved epithelial cells to transition to bad - acting mesynchemal cells, which are more likely to move throughout the body — the hallmark of metastatic cancer, which is the primary cause of cancer recurrence and patient death.

Center cells lost the expression of octamer - binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) faster than perimeter cells, which are critical to the development of heart tissue.

AIM2 is present in all immune and epithelial cells, which make up a large part of the intestine's cell population and help to maintain a healthy gut.

Physical separation of the two proteins is an «easy - to - conceptualize mechanism by which airway epithelial cells are poised to heal themselves the moment they are injured.»

Spira hopes ultimately to develop a less invasive test using throat epithelial cells, which are easier to access than bronchial tube cells.

This study demonstrated that emulsifier - induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in intestinal epithelial cells» homeostasis, which is thought to govern tumor development.

Collectively, these results suggest that Nrk negatively regulates the estrogen - dependent proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, the disruption of which leads to breast tumors.