Sentences with word «equatorward»

The 1940s to 1970s timeframe was a period of more equatorward jets just like the period we are entering now.

About one - third of the Sahel was projected to aridify with warming of 1.5 to 2 °C by about 2050, with a general equatorward shift of vegetation zones (van den Born et al., 2004; Box 4.2).

Thus if the two mid latitude jets become more meridional and shift equatorward at the same time as the ITCZ moves closer to the equator the combined effect on global albedo and the amount of solar energy able to penetrate the oceans will be substantial and would dwarf any other proposed effects on global albedo from changes in cosmic ray intensity generating changes in cloud totals as per Svensmark.

What does appear to be changing, based on Bryden et al, is the meridional overturning component of the circulation, the thermohaline circulation, which describes a vertical overturning circulation with northward transport in the upper part of the ocean, and equatorward transport at depth.

The circulation pattern described above — ascent in the equatorial trough, poleward movement in the upper troposphere, descent in the subtropical ridges, and equatorward movement in the trade winds — is in effect a direct heat engine, which meteorologists call the Hadley cell.

Results of recent global - scale 3 - D dynamo simulations that show some aspects of these phenomena are presented, where regular cycles, equatorward propagation of magnetic structures, and grand minima are among the salient features of these simulations.

The surviving waves that peak about 12 miles above the Earth are in turn influenced by forces at the poleward side of the jet that push more energy equatorward as the jet drives eastward.

Where the poleward & equatorward currents of this intensified circulation converge — the centre of the gyres — surface water is pumped downwards into the ocean interior in a process known as Ekman pumping.

Top panels: 50 % annual sea ice concentration (dashed blue line) and buoyancy fluxes, where negative values (blue shading) are associated with sea ice formation; note that these areas expand equatorward in the LGM simulation.

Similarly, slow moving polar air will be left behind by the rotating Earth and look like it is moving from east to west if it is pulled equatorward by a pressure difference.

In July, energy tends to propagate equatorward in both cases.

Extratropical cyclones have three stages of expansion: the developing stage, in which an undulating wave develops along the front; the mature stage, in which sinking cold air sweeps equatorward west of the surface low - pressure centre and ascending warm air moves poleward east of the cyclone; and the occluded stage, in which the warm air is entrained within and moved above the polar air and becomes separated from the source region of the tropical air.

In contrast, ships logs from the Little Ice Age show much greater Atlantic storminess and more equatorward mid latitude depression tracks at that time (depressions generally follow the tracks of the jet streams).

The cold water must have sunk in Arctic regions and slowly flowed equatorwards along the bottom.

Poleward shifting was observed during the late 20th century warming, and it is well know that the zones shifted equatorward during the Little Ice Age.

It stays high until the moisture precipitates and then descends over a desert, returning equatorward.

This leads to slow equatorward flow throughout most of a subtropical ocean basin (the Sverdrup balance).

The waters that underlie the near - surface subtropical waters have freshened due to equatorward circulation of the freshened subpolar surface waters; in particular, the fresh intermediate water layer (at ~ 1,000 m) in the SH has freshened in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Consequently, though the sun be ready, vegetation must wait on the coming of the water, and starting from near the pole, proceeds equatorward.

Auroras are lightshows that typically occur at high latitudes such as the Arctic and Antarctic; however, they expand equatorward under severe magnetic storms.

[Response: The classical (i.e. Stommel) theory of the subtropical gyre requires that the interior equatorward (Sverdrup) transport that takes place everywhere but a narrow strip along the western edge of the basin, precisely balance the poleward transport that takes place in a narrow boundary current along the western edge of the basin.

The jet stream is strongest (and most equatorward) during the boreal winter, and weakest (and most poleward) during the boreal summer.

However they do seem to have realised that a warmer lower stratosphere near the poles was required for a more equatorward jetstream regime yet that happened when the sun was less active not more active.

As this mass of air generally warms it holds more moisture, intensifying the precipitation equatorward of the deserts.

[2] Thunderstorm activity, or convection, within the band is dependent upon the season, as the more equatorward portion is most active in the Southern Hemisphere summer, and the more poleward portion is most active during transition seasons of fall and spring.

Equatorwards western boundary currents occur in tropical and polar locations, e.g. the East Greenland and Labrador currents, in the Atlantic and the Oyashio.

The past solar minimum was extra deep and long, causing extra floods in more equatorward countries.

i) The 10C isotherm has moved a long way equatorward west of the UK ii) Much more purple in 2011 in Greenland and northern Russia.

It is obvious to me that the isotherms have moved equatorward both over land and oceans and that the intensity of cold where it is most readily generated has increased, especially over the Greenland icecap and Northern Russia.