Very little entered and
equilibrated over the troposphere as a whole.
(1) 14C injected into the stratosphere did have a long residence time and did
equilibrate over a number of years.
Not exact matches
This so - called constant - composition commitment results as temperatures gradually
equilibrate with the current atmospheric radiation imbalance, and has been estimated at between 0.3 °C and 0.9 °C warming
over the next century.»
Many women have different experiences... some having to go above their former weight to get their periods back at first... then
equilibrating back down gently
over time....
However, the mixed layer being accessible to turbulent wave mixing with the atmosphere, is essentially in contact with the atmosphere, and
over fairly short times
equilibrates with it and other parts of the biosphere.
----- (the other approach I was thinking of involved considering how the lapse rate
equilibrates so that the net flux is constant
over some thickness for the whole LW spectrum (approximately true for equilibrium above the tropopause).
Solar forcing has increased
over the 20th century and given that the oceans have not yet had time to
equilibrate to the new levels of forcing, it must have contributed some to the recent warming, in fact, that equlibration was further delayed by the cooling period, so the unrealized climate commitment would have been greater than ordinarily expected given that most of the increase in solar activity occurred in the first half of the century.
The climate sensitivity is defined as the
equilibrated change in global mean surface air temperature (SAT) for a given change in radiative forcing and has been a major focus of climate research
over the last three decades.
Most attention in the debate
over climate change has been based on the assumption of a gradual increase in mean global temperatures,
equilibrating to a new higher level some decades after concentrations of greenhouse gases have stabilized, with effects that will then play out for centuries.
The result is to smear out excursions, as ice core CO2 slowly
equilibrates to produce a mean of CO2 averaged
over centuries, and then millennia.
The only possible explanation for why the average temperature of the ocean is 4C is because that is the average surface temperature of the earth taken
over a period of time long enough for convection and conduction to
equilibrate the entire volume.
«The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the tendency that
over time, differences in temperature, pressure, and chemical potential
equilibrate in an isolated physical system.