Sentences with phrase «equilibrium change in»

Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) represents the equilibrium change in surface temperature to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Consider testing the climate sensitivity (CS, equilibrium change in mean surface temp in response to a doubling of CO2.)

IPCC projections are consistent with our understanding of the time scale of the ice - albedo feedback and equilibrium change in sea level rise due to paleo climate data.

Climate sensitivity - In Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

The climate sensitivity parameter (units: °C (W m - 2)-1) refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a unit change in radiative forcing.

equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

Climate sensitivity in its most basic form is defined as the equilibrium change in global surface temperature that occurs in response to a climate forcing, or externally imposed perturbation of the planetary energy balance.

The equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in average global surface air temperature following a unit change in the radiative forcing.

First let's define the «equilibrium climate sensitivity» as the «equilibrium change in global mean surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric (equivalent) CO2 concentration.

Not exact matches

To put it in more technical terms, mutual betrayal is the only Nash equilibrium: once both prisoners realize that betrayal is the optimal individual strategy, there is no gain to unilaterally changing it.

But the prescription offered by the Taylor rule changes significantly if one instead assumes, as I do, that appreciable slack still remains in the labor market, and that the economy's equilibrium real federal funds rate — that is, the real rate consistent with the economy achieving maximum employment and price stability over the medium term — is currently quite low by historical standards.

Jury is still out on secular stagnation — «At present, it looks likely that the equilibrium interest rate will remain low for the policy - relevant future, but there have in the past been both long swings and short - term changes in what can be thought of as equilibrium real rates»

The December 2016 decision by the PBOC to restrict investment - related FX purchases, however, changed the funding equilibrium (this took effect following the most recent Redfin report, thus not yet visible in most economic data releases as of Feb 17).

But the manner of change in living things is not exhausted by the facts of dynamic equilibrium in homeostatic open systems.

The tree and the boy are happy, poised in a kind of eternal equilibrium (or the tree, presumably, would have it so), a world in which nothing ever happens or changes.

Genetic mutations build up and don't seem to cause that much change in human understanding and on the human timescale but they exactly and precisely lead to what we see and define as «punctuated equilibrium.»

An organism has a dynamic equilibrium which allows it to assimilate and respond to a changing environment in order to preserve its unique identity.

The system exists in an equilibrium between the parts, but an equilibrium that is forever changing.

In the vast majority of cases that have been studied, mixtures of chemicals change in composition, as time proceeds, in such a way as to approach a condition of chemical equilibriuIn the vast majority of cases that have been studied, mixtures of chemicals change in composition, as time proceeds, in such a way as to approach a condition of chemical equilibriuin composition, as time proceeds, in such a way as to approach a condition of chemical equilibriuin such a way as to approach a condition of chemical equilibrium.

Change in allele frequency in a population of time, common descent, punctuated equilibria, etc., etc. have no foundation in biogenesis.

Some kinds of change may be plausible if they involve a strengthening of a commitment to be a certain type of community which is already dominant in a school, but other kinds of change may be much less plausible precisely because they would involve a change in the type of community a school already is or a change in the current equilibrium among contrasting types of community.

This stasis - rapid change is known as «punctuated equilibrium» put forth by atheists Stephen Gold / Niles Eldredge in 1972 and accepted as fact today.

When working with natural colors sensitive to changes in pH, determine the final (equilibrium) pH of your finished product.

It seemed that any small fluctuation in an ecological system was always balanced out by some other change, maintaining equilibrium even in complex situations.

«Fragile hydrological equilibrium in the Western Amazon threatened by climate change.»

From changes in local bond distances (OH · · O and O · · · O) with time, we elucidated the structural changes in the far - from - equilibrium regime at short times and near - equilibration at long times.

Dramatic changes in species composition may establish other equilibrium energy flows which involve other species compositions than before (ecosystem shift).

Although filaments like fishing line are thin, they are orders of magnitude thicker than a soap film in equilibrium, meaning that the area of the soap film can change depending on the point at which the film contacts the loop.

They are basically never in equilibrium, but in a constant state of change.»

Rohling: Yeah, so what we see is that for a current level of forcing, so 1.6 watts per meter square net forcing, if we look in the relationship that we now recognize between sea - level change and climate forcing, we're are, more or less, looking at in the equilibrium state, natural equilibriumstate, where the planet would like to be that is similar to where we were 3.5 million years ago and that's where we're looking at sea level, you know, at least 15 meters, maybe 25 meters above the present.

However, since the active nematic used in this work is far from equilibrium, the researchers also found how the internal activity changed and enriched the expectations.

One of the findings that stands out, he says, is that pop music shows a pattern from biological evolution known as punctuated equilibrium, in which periods of gradual change are separated by explosions of complexity.

In addition, because the worms are constantly moving and changing their configuration, this nematic phase is active and far from equilibrium.

Over the past few thousand years, Earth was roughly in equilibrium and the climate changed little.

The computer was allowed to run until conditions stabilized at a new equilibrium, and a map could be drawn showing changes in temperature, precipitation, and other factors.

Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.

This process of glacial equilibrium can be sparked by changes in climate but then assume a life of its own.

«This emphasizes the importance of large - scale energy transport and atmospheric circulation changes in restoring Earth's global temperature equilibrium after a natural, unforced warming event,» Li said.

For example, dropping a pebble in a lake will force the water to move away from its equilibrium — and that change will propagate across the surface of the lake.

Given that it doesn't matter much which forcing is changing, sensitivity can be assessed from any particular period in the past where the changes in forcing are known and the corresponding equilibrium temperature change can be estimated.

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

Using the total energies of these phases obtained in first - principle calculations, we calculate the Gibbs free energy changes in the corresponding chemical reactions, and subsequently evaluate the equilibrium concentrations of the phases in every sample according to the law of mass action.

If you doubled CO2 and let the system come into equilibrium, the imbalance you'd measure from space would be zero — but there would still be about 4 W / m ** 2 of radiative forcing from the change in CO2.

Stouffer, R.J., and S. Manabe, 2003: Equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation to large changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

If a spike in temperatures due to CO2 causes a non-reversible change in ice cover, you have a situation more analogous to a deglaciation because you now have a forcing that has a strong effect on the equilibrium amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.

So here's an attempt: When temperatures change because of an orbital forcing, you've got a strong CO2 feedback because the CO2 in the atmosphere was in equilibrium with the CO2 in the oceans before temperatures changed.

We therefore do not advise users to apply H15's stoichiometric equilibrium constants to correct for past changes in major ‐ ion seawater composition.

Have you ever struggled to regain your emotional equilibrium in the midst of an unexpected change?

On the other hand, though, your spine in many ways is the command center for your physical self — it's connected to so many other systems in your body that that slightest change to that equilibrium can lead to problems.

Do the checks and balances and institute the changes needed to create this equilibrium in your life.