Sentences with phrase «equilibrium conditions for»

«Once the timing of equilibrium conditions for the Greenland Ice Sheet is verified, a detailed reconstruction for that period could serve as a steady - state ice sheet surface for initializing ice sheet models,» Csatho writes in the News and Views article.

Not exact matches

For instance, for Canada and the U.S., we believe that the equilibrium interest rate in these conditions is on the order of 3 per cent, like a range of 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent, so much lower than what we used to think of as a normal, steady, straight interest raFor instance, for Canada and the U.S., we believe that the equilibrium interest rate in these conditions is on the order of 3 per cent, like a range of 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent, so much lower than what we used to think of as a normal, steady, straight interest rafor Canada and the U.S., we believe that the equilibrium interest rate in these conditions is on the order of 3 per cent, like a range of 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent, so much lower than what we used to think of as a normal, steady, straight interest rate.

Of the latter, the most pernicious was the perceived obligation to occasionally set aside the requirements for preserving international monetary equilibrium («external balance») for the sake of preserving or achieving preferred domestic monetary conditions («internal balance»).

The existence of a paracrine inter-dependent equilibrium would suggest that the culture conditions have selected for the stable coexistence of mutually dependent and metastable cell types that only transiently exist in vivo.

A new mechanism to produce the dust in the presented debris disks, deviations from the conditions required for a standard equilibrium collisional cascade (grain size exponent of -3.5), and / or significantly different dust properties would be necessary to explain the potentially steep SED shape of the three debris disks presented.

Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks, is 6 °C for doubled CO2 for the range of climate states between glacial conditions and ice - free Antarctica.»

At the point where there is so much H2O vapor in the atmosphere that there is very little solar heating of the surface (very very far from happenning), there will also tend to be almost no net LW cooling at the surface, so a tropospheric - type lapse rate could still tend to extend down to the surface (as long as the net LW cooling is smaller than the SW heating, there will be some non-radiative flux from the surface for equilibrium conditions).

Re 40 simon abingdon — there is very little mass loss to space (can be significant for evolution of conditions over geologic time or in more extreme conditions, but not for Earth like conditions over the timescales over which climatic equilibrium is determined), and latent and sensible heat are transported by conduction and convection and mass diffusion, which can't significantly extend outside the atmosphere.

I wrote: «The quick response up and down for CO2 trend shortly after temperature changes suggests that we see a «dance» around equilibrium conditions in nature.»

As the system approaches equilibrium, entropy would become constant at the steady state value for the condition of the system., which would be maximum entropy or minimum depending on your point of view.

The fun part is that as the system approaches equilibrium or steady state for the conditions, previously insignificant impacts grow in significance.

What you have not yet realised is that I can help you and David overcome the incorrect belief that you have been led to accept because of your lack of sufficient education about and / or understanding of just what entropy is and what processes have to occur for it to be maximized, and what the conditions will thus be in the state of maximum entropy which physicists call thermodynamic equilibrium.

It is appropriate as this point to add that if Bolin & Eriksson's conditions in the last paragraph were true, carbonated beer (Bohren, 1987) and soda «pop» as we know it would be an impossibility with their «buffer» factor (see below); rain and fresh water would not show the observed equilibrium pH of 5.7 (Krauskopf, 1979); and experiments would not had shown complete isotopic equilibrium between CO2 and water in just hours, which in turn is the prerequisite for routine stable isotope analysis involving CO2 (Gonfiantini, 1981).

If you don't understand the maximum entropy conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium, then you will not understand what is determining planetary temperatures.

From the comments I have read so far I think everyone is missing the very important point you made in defining the initial conditions: Essentially you are setting the initial conditions to equilibrium and THEN detail your proof FOR THAT CONDITION.

For these conditions, when radiation - rate - equilibrium is reached for the «two - shell system» (i.e., when the rate of energy being radiated outward by the outer shell equals the rate of energy being generated in the wall of the inner shell, I believe the presence of body «A» will affect the temperature of the external surface of the inner sheFor these conditions, when radiation - rate - equilibrium is reached for the «two - shell system» (i.e., when the rate of energy being radiated outward by the outer shell equals the rate of energy being generated in the wall of the inner shell, I believe the presence of body «A» will affect the temperature of the external surface of the inner shefor the «two - shell system» (i.e., when the rate of energy being radiated outward by the outer shell equals the rate of energy being generated in the wall of the inner shell, I believe the presence of body «A» will affect the temperature of the external surface of the inner shell.

The section where Gibbs discusses this problem is titled, «The Conditions of Equilibrium for Heterogeneous Masses under the Influence of Gravity,» with the most relevant discussion given on pages 144 and 145.

Note well that the condition for mechanical equilibrium does not directly refer to temperature at all and is equally valid for gases or liquids.

For any fluid in near - Earth gravity, the condition for mechanical equilibrium For any fluid in near - Earth gravity, the condition for mechanical equilibrium for mechanical equilibrium is:

The conditions for mechanical equilibrium doesn't depend on whether the gases are ideal or not, although for an ideal gas, the density depends on the temperature so that there are an infinite number of ways one can stack up the gas with a thermal gradient that are all still in mechanical equilibrium.

Why don't you look at it and explain why the air isn't in static equilibrium, since I used the condition for static equilibrium and the density of isothermal ideal gas in its derivation?

Important, perhaps for establishing the conditions for detailed balance and equilibrium, but equilibrium is the state where balance is achieved, no net flow.

His paper explicitly establishes conditions where there is no convective flow and no heat input at all, let alone differential heat input, and then further asserts that we must wait a long time for the system to attain its true equilibrium.

How about «I took a well - known result of atmospheric dynamics, driven by non-equilibrium differential heating caused by the GHG GHE and claimed that it is a static feature of an adiabatically isolated atmosphere, ignoring the fact that the proposed thermal profile violates the second law of thermodynamics for the specific conditions of long relaxation times and equilibrium conditions I propose».

Slow enough that we can ignore it at least to the extent that we can ask what state we are likely to find a gas initially prepared in an arbitrary initial condition — after waiting just long enough for hydrostatic equilibrium to be established but not long enough for thermal equilibrium (which is isothermal and strict maximum entropy) to be reached via internal conduction.

It satisfies all of the stated conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium that are to be found in any textbook.

Extrapolation of this result to equilibrium conditions is problematical for a number of reasons.

I say it is, except for conditions where the equilibrium is controlled by radiation, which is a diabatic process.

Finally, modeling an airplane wing is much, much, much simpler than modeling the climate for three huge reasons: equilibrium, knowledge of variables and conditions, and complexity.

And dominance within a niche is a transient condition tending to exclusivity, i.e., one life form per niche, except for the fact that Earth is never in equilibrium.

For the IPCC experiments then the models are run with fixed 1860 conditions for a spin - up (ideally until they reach a steady equilibriuFor the IPCC experiments then the models are run with fixed 1860 conditions for a spin - up (ideally until they reach a steady equilibriufor a spin - up (ideally until they reach a steady equilibrium).

Re 416 Bernd Herd — in climate science, for global climate change, specifically a global (average surface) temperature change in response to a global (typically average net tropopause - level after stratospheric adjustment) radiative forcing (or other heat source — although on Earth those tend not to be so big), where the radiative forcing may be in units of W / m ^ 2, so that equilibrium climate sensitivity is in K * m ^ 2 / W (it is often expressed as K / doubling CO2 as doubling CO2 has a certain amount of radiative forcing for given conditions).

This is the point of notional equilibrium — a necessary condition for model initiation (it is very difficult to build in long term cycles and the reality of non-equilibrium when the causes of those cycles, as well as their amplitude and frequency are so poorly known).

«As we increase CO2 levels, we are changing the boundary conditions, if you will, too rapidly for the climate to be in equilibrium while we do this.