Sentences with phrase «equilibrium levels of»

Clay content and initial organic matter content are the main factors in the determination of new equilibrium levels of carbon and nitrogen in the soil.

Current average rates of energy use across the globe are much lower than equilibrium levels of ∼ 13 kW.

Those two scenarios differ in the equilibrium level of cash rates, but assume that risk premia are largely unaffected.

Temperature determines the equilibrium level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

i) and ii) the equilibrium level of CO2 at current global temperature is 290 ppmv.

Not exact matches

Instead, duplication of credit between deficit and surplus countries has kept the system far from equilibrium while sending global relative debt to record levels.

If it is a new era of faster growth and new investment opportunities, then the equilibrium real interest rate (the rate at which monetary policy neither boosts nor restrains the economy) would rise, so the central bank would be right to move interest rates towards that level.

If the IT revolution increases profitable investment opportunities, then the equilibrium real interest rate must rise in order to encourage households to save more to finance the higher level of investment.

Still, we see less risk of a renewed oil price plunge and the potential for a gradual rise toward long - term equilibrium levels around $ 60 a barrel, where supply and demand are likely to find a better balance.

The stasis you speak of is «Punctuated Equilibrium» and is restricted to species level changes.

Changing environmental conditions and land management may induce a temporary or definite change of the equilibrium to a new level that is considered stable.

When the child is a little older, after about three months of age, therapy also addresses head control with equilibrium reactions (the natural response to trying to maintain your balance) and head righting reactions (the natural response to keep your eyes level when you are in different positions).

Rohling: Yeah, so what we see is that for a current level of forcing, so 1.6 watts per meter square net forcing, if we look in the relationship that we now recognize between sea - level change and climate forcing, we're are, more or less, looking at in the equilibrium state, natural equilibriumstate, where the planet would like to be that is similar to where we were 3.5 million years ago and that's where we're looking at sea level, you know, at least 15 meters, maybe 25 meters above the present.

In addition, the orange Asupina variety stashes its carotenoids in microscopic sacs during ripening, shifting the chemical equilibrium in the fruit so it can make even higher levels of these substances.

The molecules coming to rest — at least on the macroscopic level — is the result of thermalization, or of reaching equilibrium after they have achieved uniform saturation within the system.

The team found that equilibrium to be similar to levels of water vapor seen in the local universe.

Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere boosts, by gas - liquid equilibrium, the amount of carbonic acid in the ocean, which in turn lowers the marine pH level.

«Recent lab experiments studying behavior of a group of individuals show that economic systems may deviate significantly from rational efficient equilibrium at both individual and aggregate levels.

Elevated levels of Nanog are also associated with a reduced probability of differentiation leading to the suggestion that ES cells exist in equilibrium between a stable self - renewing, ICM - like state referred to as the «ground state» and a transient metastable intermediate that is both able to revert to the self - renewing state or proceed into differentiation [8], [11], [47].

Manipulation of either FGF signalling or Nanog expression levels can alter the ratio of cell types present in this state and single Venus positive or negative cells can regenerate this equilibrium with apparently identical kinetics under self - renewing conditions.

The fusion rate in the core is in a self - correcting equilibrium: a slightly higher rate of fusion would cause the core to heat up more and expand slightly against the weight of the outer layers, reducing the fusion rate and correcting the perturbation; and a slightly lower rate would cause the core to shrink slightly, increasing the fusion rate and again reverting it to its present level.

The saliva is there to maintain a healthy equilibrium of bacteria; however ingesting sugar can have an effect on pH levels and misbalance the fragile mouth ecosystem.

Your total testosterone is definitely high, but I am always skeptical of free testosterone levels if not done by calculation method, or equilibrium dialysis.

Utilizing a calculated free testosterone or equilibrium dialysis method will give you the most accurate assessment of your free testosterone level.

This suggests that the stores of vitamin D that infants accumulate as fetuses are used up within the first eight weeks of life, after which their vitamin D levels reach equilibrium with what they continue to acquire from sunshine, breast milk or supplements.

They work much deeper at the root cause and cellular level to establish equilibrium in the energy of the cells and restore normal function, physiologically and metabolically.

Yäan offers a range of unique energy treatments to help release blockages, heal on deep levels, harmonize the chakras and restore equilibrium and general wellbeing for the mind, body and spirit.

Everyone seems to be chatting about the next best thing to get your body to a peak level of performance, calm, and equilibrium.

I found it a very compelling and moving story about something very basic, which is a guy who actually rises above everything and maintains his equilibrium and his higher self during an experience that reduces most men to the level of animals.»

By the early 1980s, the percentage of unionized workers in government had skyrocketed from trivial levels two decades earlier to a robust 37 percent - where, as with teachers, it stabilized at a new equilibrium.

In this piece, I provide an analysis of the short - run partial equilibrium effects of portability on school - level Title I revenues.

Keywords: Risk management, measuring uncertainty, failure of models that predict failure, complexity theory, standard out of equilibrium level, irrational expectations on economic rational actor model.

Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aLevel) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked alevel of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.

Presentation of equilibrium, originally for A-Level Physics (AQA 2450) but versatile for any board / level.

Category: English, North America, Transversal Studies, Your experiences, Your ideas · Tags: complexity theory, failure of models that predict failure, irrational expectations on economic rational actor model, measuring uncertainty, Risk management, standard out of equilibrium level

The cross-country comparative approach provides a number of unique advantages over national studies: It can exploit institutional variation that does not exist within countries; draw on much larger variation than usually available within any country; reveal whether any result is country - specific or more general; test whether effects are systematically heterogeneous in different settings; circumvent selection issues that plague within - country identification by using system - level aggregated measures; and uncover general - equilibrium effects that often elude studies in a single country.

Eventually the response is a «give up,» after which, the US Dollar slowly overshoots and then finds a new temporary equilibrium level, and the rest of the world adjusts to it.

Think of it this way, US Dollar LIBOR has only incorporated 16 basis points of the 50 basis point rate cut, measured from the equilibrium level that existed previous to the latest crisis in 2007.

Let's look at what could cause the equilibrium CAPE to fall back toward, or even below, its long - term average, causing the current level of CAPE to tumble.

This piece will have echoes from my recent piece The Bane of Broken Balance Sheets, where I tried to point out why many assets are trading below equilibrium levels, but also why it is rational for them to be so valued, because of the lack of long - term financing capacity.

So while I'm confident of a step - up here, based on the revenue / earnings drivers I've fully confirmed already (vs. those still to be confirmed), I'm also conscious that changes in fee rates / AUME, sterling, possible new business investment, etc. could eat into this earnings step - up, and / or a new revenue & earnings equilibrium might simply re-emerge (albeit, at higher levels).

What if we were to use the Shadow Gold Price — the price we think reflects gold's theoretical equilibrium level to US dollars, rather than the COMEX price — a notional price based on a miniscule percentage of actual deliveries of bullion?

Definitive diagnosis is then made by performing a Free T4 by Equilibrium Dialysis (Free T4 by ED) and / or a «thyroid panel» that assesses the levels of multiple forms of thyroxin.

In the end, all islands tend to produce an equilibrium between the force of extinction and the force of immigration, in which larger islands, and islands near large continents, tend to settle with similarly large amounts of biodiversity, while smaller islands tend to have similarly low levels of diversity.

To say it a bit worse but in modern lingo: to maintain radiative equilibrium, the planet has to put out a certain amount of heat, and if it can't radiate it out from the surface, the lower atmosphere somehow has to get warmer until there's some level that radiates the right amount.

While I'm posting (I can see how you guys get into this) I'm also very uncomfortable with your notion of «tacit knowledge:» it certainly seems to be tacit knowledge in the blogosphere that the chances of the climate sensitivity (equilibrium warming on indefinite stabilization at 560ppm CO2, for the non-enthusiasts) being greater than or equal to 6 degrees are too small to be worth worrying about (meaning down at the level of an asteroid strike).

What happens at the «top of atmosphere» — the level where outgoing radiation leaves for space, not itself a very easy concept — is the restoration of equilibrium, the increase in temperature that, through Helmholtz - Boltzmann at the Earth's brightness temperature 255K, restores the balance between incoming and outgoing energies.

Does the pattern of change (warming raises the equilibrium temperature, cooling decreases it), indicate a negative feedback on sea level change (e.g. as land ice melts it requires a little warmer temperature to continue to melt further land ice... and vice versa??).

Polar amplication is of global concern due to the potential effects of future warming on ice sheet stability and, therefore, global sea level (see Sections 5.6.1, 5.8.1 and Chapter 13) and carbon cycle feedbacks such as those linked with permafrost melting (see Chapter 6)... The magnitude of polar amplification depends on the relative strength and duration of different climate feedbacks, which determine the transient and equilibrium response to external forcings.

Never mind the continuing increase in atmospheric CO2 — what happened to the 0.5 degree rise due to equilibrium response to recent levels of GHGs.