Sentences with phrase «equilibrium states occurred»

These changes — abrupt shifts between quasi equilibrium states occurred at the mid 1940's, 1976/77 and 1998/2001.

The equilibrium state occurs when no great power impinge on the other.

Not exact matches

A permanent state has been reached in which no macroscopically observable events occur, a state which the physicist speaks of as thermodynamical equilibrium or «maximum entropy.»

Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against the theory of phyletic gradualism, which states that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis).

The process of separation, transition, and reintegration occurs in terms of the disruption of a steady state at or near equilibrium, which brings matter increasingly far from equilibrium to a point at which a «decision» is made between alternative possibilities randomly presented by its environment, resulting in its reorganization in novel emergent form.

As Melanie Merola O'Donnell of the National Organization for Victim Assistance explains, «Chronic stress is one that occurs over and over again — each time pushing the individual toward the edge of his or her state of equilibrium, or beyond.»

«But some very interesting new states of matter may occur far away from equilibrium... and there are many possibilities for that in the quantum domain.

These fluctuations occur in the presence of a continuous interval of equilibrium states, ranging from a plectonemic state to a state characterized by denaturation bubbles.

Equilibrium situation between two great superpowers occurred in the twentieth century, from 1945, after the 2nd World War, until 1989, between the United States and the Soviet Union.

When a living system is in the state of equilibrium it is less responsive to changes occurring around it.

(57k) When I state that the equilibrium climatic response must balance imposed RF (and feedbacks that occur), I am referring to a global time average RF and global time average response (in terms of radiative and convective fluxes), on a time scale sufficient to characterize the climatic state (including cycles driven by externally - forced cycles (diurnal, annual) and internal variability.

Re: # 19 — excellent points: that both (a) CaCO3 dissolution occurs above pH 7 (it depends on the H2C03, HCO3 -LRB--), and CO3 (2 --RRB- equilibrium which determines the saturation state of seawater), AND (b) that biogenic calcification is made increasingly difficult when the saturation state of surface waters declines, which is what happens as rising atmospheric CO2 influences the chemistry of surface waters.

Starting from an old equilbrium, a change in radiative forcing results in a radiative imbalance, which results in energy accumulation or depletion, which causes a temperature response that approahes equilibrium when the remaining imbalance approaches zero — thus the equilibrium climatic response, in the global - time average (for a time period long enough to characterize the climatic state, including externally imposed cycles (day, year) and internal variability), causes an opposite change in radiative fluxes (via Planck function)(plus convective fluxes, etc, where they occur) equal in magnitude to the sum of the (externally) imposed forcing plus any «forcings» caused by non-Planck feedbacks (in particular, climate - dependent changes in optical properties, + etc.).)

They * project * (they can't «predict») the temperature change between two equilibrium states, given the forcings that occur between them.

Since neither an equilibrium nor a steady - state will result, the extremes within which variation occurs (as it has over the Earth's past, with aggregate input and output nearly equal), may be at least as inimical to life as a change in the spatio - temporal mean.

If equilibrium states are states of maximum entropy, in what direction would a system respond to fluctuations occurring exclusively within the system, in the absence of an external perturbation such as a climate forcing?

What you have not yet realised is that I can help you and David overcome the incorrect belief that you have been led to accept because of your lack of sufficient education about and / or understanding of just what entropy is and what processes have to occur for it to be maximized, and what the conditions will thus be in the state of maximum entropy which physicists call thermodynamic equilibrium.

Stated more precisely, for an equilibrium state to occur, radiative energy out to space (reflected solar plus emitted longwave) must equal radiative energy in (incident solar).

The circular flow of heat is impossible, of course, but no net cooling occurs aside from tiny transfers of heat from the gas in or out of the wire as they come into a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Everything occurs at the vapor - liquid equilibrium state of 100 % RH.

Previous reviews (6 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ — 10) have defined «abrupt climate change» as occurring «when the climate system is forced to cross some threshold, triggering a transition to a new state at a rate determined by the climate system itself and faster than the cause» (8), which is a case of bifurcation (i.e., one that focuses on equilibrium properties, implying some degree of irreversibility).

On the shorter term, fluctuations occur because a state would not be in equilibrium if it were constant, but the change in external forcing means that with the same climate, the shorter term imbalances would be changed, so the weather patterns even in the shorter term would evolve differently.

Once it finally reaches a state of equilibrium, it should stop «sinking» heat and the surface temps should resemble warming that occurs on land.

Although it may not be immediately obvious, closer inspection of the time series reveals the asymmetry around the equilibrium: When person C's negative affect is less intense (\ (< \) 15), recovery to the equilibrium occurs quickly due to the lower inertia in this state, but when his / her negative affect is more intense (\ (> \) 15), it takes longer to recover as a result of the higher inertia.