The basic facts are that the long - range
equilibrium temperature rises with every rise in CO2, that the CO2 will only stop rising when we have a world economy with zero net emissions, and that even a 2 - degree increase in average global temperature is forecast to produce huge changes, so there is a limit to how slowly we can go about the transition to zero emissions.
Note the 2 oldest reconstructions are also the highest, so I'm sticking to my estimate of a net TSI change between 1910 and 1945 of about 0.3 W / m2, which calculates to
an equilibrium temperature rise of about 0.05 C.
That is, there is still a fair chance that we can «hold the 2 °C line», if strong mitigation of greenhouse gases is combined with the following three actions: (i) a slow, rather than instant, elimination of aerosol cooling, (ii) a directed effort to first remove warming aerosols like black carbon, and (iii) a concerted and sustained programme, over this century, to draw - down excessive CO2 (geo - and bio-engineering) and simultaneously reduce non-CO2 forcings, such that the final
equilibrium temperature rise will be lower than would otherwise be expected on the basis of current concentrations.
Not exact matches
It is the downwelling that reduces the rate at which energy is leaves the climate system until the
temperature of the system
rises enough that the rate at which energy enters the system equals the rate at which energy leaves the system — and a new
equilibrium is established.
As the deep ocean keeps surface
temperatures from
rising, the
equilibrium would still be unattained.
When you say «If the oceans are warming at all, or if the net ice melting is positive, we are not in
equilibrium» it suggests that you see
temperatures inexorably
rising towards an
equilibrium.
«Sensitivity» means the total
equilibrium rise in
temperature due to doubling CO2.
It's my understanding that the earth is not in thermal
equilibrium, right now, so that a 50 % reduction in CO2 would not stop
temperatures rising for a while.
How about this brutally simplified calculation for a lower bound of
equilibrium temperature sensitivity: — there seems to be a consensus that transient t.s. <
equilibrium t.s. — today, the trend line is a + 1 C (see Columbia graph)-- CO2 is at 410, which is 1.46 * 280 —
rise is logarithmic, log (base2) of 1.46 = 0.55 — 1/0.55 = 1.8 — therefore, a lower bound for ETS is 1.8 C
The climate commitment studies show that
temperature increases are significant for the first century and
equilibrium sea level
rise can take a millenium.
IF the energy required by the GCMs to create the
rise in GHG induced
temperature comes from the outflow to space (per Hank's model in 137, which I thought was pretty reasonable), BUT IF the GCMs are required to have inflow = outflow @TOA (ie
equilibrium — per # 142 & the formal publications» descriptions of the GCMs from GISS etc,) THEN WHERE IN (rhetorical) HELL does the energy come from to create GHG Global warming?
So, if you instantaneously put a lot of GHGs into an atmosphere that starts in
equilibrium, radiative outflow < inflow and
temperature starts
rising.
If less energy is radiated into space because of greenhouse gases, the Earth's
temperature must
rise until the emission of infrared increases enough that the system returns to
equilibrium.
As such, when emissions quit
rising, according to their framework, the climate system is no longer being forced, but the
temperature will continue to
rise and it will still take a considerable amount of time for the system to reach
equilibrium.
When we stop raising the level of carbon dioxide, the
temperature continues to
rise because it takes a while for the climate system to reach
equilibrium.
If the Earth absorbs more energy, its
temperature rises, which causes it to radiate more energy back into space (Stefan - Boltzmann law) until it reaches
equilibrium at a higher
temperature.
As things warm up, outflow
rises (more longwave, more convection) until
equilibrium is reached at a higher
temperature.
Rising ocean
temperature increases cloud cover until such time as clouds starve the ocean of solar energy until an
equilibrium is reached.
But this pure IR energy blocking by CO2 versus compensating
temperature rise for radiation
equilibrium is unrealistic for the long - period and slow CO2
rises that are occurring.
If the rather quick response of CO2
rise / year just 5 - 9 months after
temperature changes reflects
equilibrium with the oceans, then we are only in physical contact with the upper meters of the ocean.
I would expect a
temperature rise that increased evaporation would, once
equilibrium was reached, cause * all * the air to become more humid.
Nor does saying it's the
rise in Earth's
temperature resulting from suddenly doubling atmospheric CO2 and waiting for convergence to sufficiently close to
equilibrium.
With regard to the diabatic process the exchange of radiation in and out reaches thermal
equilibrium relatively quickly (leaving Earth's oceans out of the scenario for current purposes) and once the
temperature rise within the atmosphere has occurred then
equilibrium has been achieved and energy in at TOA will match energy out.
1.5 C Projections: From my simple «CO > Temp» best - fit regression model (based on NASA temp set), I believe the
equilibrium temperature will hit 1.5 C in 2025 (based on a baseline of 1955, and 2.5 ppm annual
rise of CO2), and has already hit 1.5 C in 2017 if based on a baseline of 1880 - 1900 (adding 0.24 C to the 1955 baseline).
The planet reaches an essential
equilibrium during these periods in that it reaches a certain
temperature range for 10,000 or 20,000 years and does not continue the warming it did to
rise out of the glacial period.
As long as the AAL is a closed loop and kept independent of the Solar Diabatic Loop (SDL) then system
equilibrium is maintained however high the surface
temperature might
rise.
The
temperature of the resulting water will eventually
rise to
equilibrium with the surrounding rock.
And that says nothing about the fact that the
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity is supposed to reflect the
rise in
temperature following an increase in atmospheric CO2, but what is estimated is the
rise in
temperature PRECEEDING an increase in atmospheric CO2.
However it does still mean that
temperatures rise — and at any given level of CO2 forcing this effect will mean a higher
equilibrium temperature.
However, if (a) after the atmosphere's
temperature has
risen to achieve radiation - rate -
equilibrium the atmosphere is still «trapping heat», and (b) «trapping heat» will cause
temperature to
rise, isn't it correct to conclude that the atmosphere
temperature will «
rise some more», and this
rise will only stop when the atmosphere ceases to «trap heat?»
``... the water vapor is in
equilibrium with the ocean
temperature that has
risen less than the global
temperature, so its response relative to the global
temperature may be less than 7 % per degree, while it is 7 % per degree for the ocean.»
Of course, Velasco et al. say a spontaneous lapse - rate
rise of that size won't happen at
equilibrium, because the microstates that exhibit a nearly - zero
temperature lapse rate are many times as numerous as those that exhibit
temperature lapse rates of the same order of magnitude as the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
Ragnaar, the water vapor is in
equilibrium with the ocean
temperature that has
risen less than the global
temperature, so its response relative to the global
temperature may be less than 7 % per degree, while it is 7 % per degree for the ocean.
Thermal
equilibrium doesn't mean the same
temperature, if for example, a gas in getting hotter expands and
rises becoming less dense and under less pressure it can move faster, it's using thermal energy to move, there's no energy lost, it's just become something else, or, as
temperature relates to kinetic energy not thermal energy then heat capacity comes into play, as water can absorb a huge amount of thermal energy before there's any
rise in
temperature, or whatever, but if you're equating all «energy» to «heat» as thermal energy then that's a different idea altogether, not all energy is heat.
So raising the surface pressure will not cause a
rise in
equilibrium temperature.
Actually, the relevant «law» is not the ever
rising entropic «heat death» of the universe from CO2, but instead is Le Châtelier's principle for a reaction in physical chemistry: the disturbance of the
equilibrium of greenhouse gases H2O and CO2 by CO2 injections acts to oppose the change to the
equilibrium, and thus to cancel out the effect on
temperature from the increase in CO2.
The
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) The Economist refers to is how much Earth
temperatures are expected to
rise when one includes fast feedbacks such as atmospheric water vapor increase and the initial greenhouse gas forcing provided by CO2.
Or can you just accept that molecules of gas which have absorbed energy at a greater rate than the surrounding molecules of gas with which they are intimately mixed and thus
risen in
temperature, will re emit that energy until they are in thermal
equilibrium with the rest of the gas?
The only meaning in a genuine change in the rate of warming is that the longer term trend provides a slight change in evidence for
equilibrium climate sensitivity — perhaps there was more «internal variability» associated with some of the late C20
temperature rise...
Clearly there will be a
rise in the
equilibrium temperature but that will be accompanied by a faster flow of air in and out of the door.
IPCC overestimate
temperature rise «The IPCC's predicted
equilibrium warming path bears no relation to the far lesser rate of «global warming» that has been observed in the 21st century to date.»
In
equilibrium thermodynamics there is no pressure
rise because of the alleged latent heat «warming» — because latent heat is released only when the
temperature drops.
Fan refuses to tell me either why the
temperature has been
rising for 300 years or what 30 year period we should dial back to as being typical of the climate
equilibrium you both believe we have destroyed.
The
temperature rise at
equilibrium (known, unsurprisingly, as the «
equilibrium» climate sensitivity) is higher than the transient climate sensitivity (how much higher is uncertain).
It turns out that the
equilibrium temperature has been
rising at a similar rate to the actual
temperature.
So it's completely uncontroversial that
rising ocean
temperature will raise the
equilibrium CO2 concentration.
It is possible that the very small anthropogenic emission may have altered the
equilibrium state, but it is certain that the
temperature rise prior to ~ 2000 must have.
The total solubility of CO2 (total dissolved inorganic carbon) in sea water has been studied, and the
equilibrium CO2 concentration of the atmosphere
rises very little, when the water
temperature rises by one degree.
More DLR therefore fails to achieve a net slowdown in energy throughput and the
equilibrium temperature of the subskin and bulk ocean fails to
rise despite the
rise in
temperature of the ocean skin.
Transient response is the
rise in 20 - year climate during the 70 years while CO2 is changing, while total response is that plus the eventual further
rise in
temperature thereafter, namely when
equilibrium is once again reached, with no further changes to CO2 (since ECS is defined only for a doubling).