Among our probable ancestors, there is Homo antecessor in the Iberian peninsula and Homo
erectus in Asia and Africa — but a variety of variants are starting to appear, some of which later led to archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals.
Around 1.8 Ma, there is evidence of Homo georgicus and H.
erectus in Eurasia and H. habilis in southern Africa suggesting they may have migrated out of East Africa before this time.
The earlier skull is typical
erectus in its morphology, yet has a rounded occiput and a brain case of about 1390cc.
In this model, known as multiregionalism or continuity with hybridization, hominins descended from H.
erectus in Asia interbred with incoming groups from Africa and other parts of Eurasia, and their progeny gave rise to the ancestors of modern east Asians, says Wu.
If discoveries of ancient sequences continue to stack up, archaeogeneticists might eventually be convinced that we all have a little
erectus in our blood.
«In a 2011 paper, which dealt with the demise of Homo
erectus in the Levant, we had already tapped into the notion that diet played a major role in human evolution,» said Prof. Barkai.
«The rate of change to dwarf
an erectus in [a few hundred thousand years] would probably not make me choke on my cereal,» he says.
Even though H.
erectus in East Africa had invented hand axes, part of the so - called Acheulean toolkit, by 1.76 million years ago, none have been found here at Dmanisi.
Intermixing does not surprise paleoanthropologists who have long argued on the basis of fossils that archaic humans, such as the Neandertals in Eurasia and Homo
erectus in East Asia, mated with early moderns and can be counted among our ancestors — the so - called multiregional evolution theory of modern human origins.
Not exact matches
That we could interbreed with a truly distinct group again suggests a common ancestor for H. neanderthalis and H. sapien, particularly
in the context of the temporal and geographical relationships these two groups have with H.
erectus and H. heidelbergensis.
It may well happen that Spurs finish the season above us as our team move into the next era of supremacy, but they will never be top dogs
in London, they are third as they have been since homo
erectus first crawled out of the swamplands of N17.
A new, slightly morbid study based on the calorie counts of average humans suggests that human - eating was mostly ritualistic, not dietary,
in nature among hominins including Homo
erectus, H. antecessor, Neandertals, and early modern humans.
Given the recent discovery
in Flores of a dwarf hominid species related to Homo
erectus, it is possible that H.
erectus made it to more places than we have evidence for.
Fossil mussel shells excavated more than a century ago at an H.
erectus site on the Indonesian island of Java include a shell with engravings of an M shape, two parallel lines and a reversed N shape, the scientists report December 3
in Nature.
H.
erectus was primarily a tropical or subtropical species, and there is no evidence suggesting that it ever managed to live
in the Arctic.
The shell was dug up
in Trinil, Indonesia,
in the 1890s by Dutch geologist Eugene Dubois, and was one of many fossil finds
in the area, including bones of Homo
erectus and several animals.
So much so,
in fact, that its discoverers argue that the ancient human family tree should be pruned of many of its species, which may simply be different forms of H.
erectus.
«I think they will be proved right that some of those early African fossils can reasonably join a variable H.
erectus species,» says Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum
in London, UK.
The new skull tells us that H.
erectus evolved
in a mosaic fashion, with some aspects of the skull changing before others, says Spoor.
Lordkipanidze and his colleagues say that the new skull supports the idea that the many species of hominin thought to have coexisted during this period are,
in fact, a single species, H.
erectus, which is simply more variable
in appearance than previously thought.
Even the emigrant Homo
erectus and its hand - axe technology are ubiquitous
in Africa, with evidence of the species» occupation from the Cape to near Cairo.
He points out that Lordkipanidze's analysis suggests even the much more ape - like hominins
in the genus Australopithecus belong to the H.
erectus group.
The etch also suggests H.
erectus was integrating different domains of knowledge — thought to be a key stage
in the evolution of our creative minds.
While the team's more radical claims are
in doubt, the new skull does help confirm the importance and success of H.
erectus.
Just as we see the ancient Homo
erectus as a savage primitive, Boskop may have viewed us
in somewhat the same way.
An entire skull belonging to an extinct hominin that lived 1.8 million years ago has been found
in Georgia — the earliest completely preserved specimen ever found and confirmation that the species it belonged to, Homo
erectus was far more variable
in appearance than originally thought.
Because they all lived
in the same place at roughly the same time, this shows the extent of variation among H.
erectus populations.
However, the history of the more modern Homo
erectus, big - brained and fully upright, has been told mainly through skull fossils, says Sileshi Semaw, a palaeoanthroplogist at the Stone Age Institute
in Gosport, Indiana, who led the team.
Later,
in the 1950s, these fossils were included
in the species Homo
erectus.
The fossil's membership
in Homo
erectus is even up to question, Ruff says.
As Martinón - Torres explains, for a long time the idea was held that this species was a direct ancestor of modern humanity, and «all the human fossils found
in what we call the Far East and
in the current islands of Indonesia have been attributed systematically to Homo
erectus.
When paleoanthropologist Lee Berger unearthed a fossil near Johannesburg, South Africa, it seemed to be a jumble of parts: a braincase similar
in size to that of an Australopithecus africanus, a Homo
erectus pelvis, and the arms of a Miocene ape.
These six teeth belonging to Homo
erectus were found
in the mid-twentieth century at the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Zhoukoudian (Beijing).
Differences
in age and sex, says Tattersall, can not account for the wide variation
in features such as jaw and brow shape not only among Dmanisi skulls, but also when compared with H.
erectus fossils from other sites.
These fossils, dating from 1.77 million years ago, had brains between 600 and 775 cubic centimeters
in volume, whereas H.
erectus is generally thought to have had an average brain size of around 900 cubic centimeters.
Archaeologists have long thought that Homo
erectus, humanity's first ancestor to spread around the world, evolved
in Africa before dispersing throughout Europe and Asia.
Fossilized bone fragments found
in the same sedimentary layers as the Dmanisi artifacts are too weathered to be identified as belonging to any one species, so it is impossible to say for sure whether the tools were made by H.
erectus.
Java Man was reclassified
in the 1950s as Homo
erectus and is now called Trinil 2,
in reference to the excavation site.
«The signals introduced by Austen and Scott position them at the beginning of a stylistic - thematic genealogy; they are,
in this sense, the literary equivalent of Homo
erectus or, if you prefer, Adam and Eve,» Jockers wrote
in a paper that was presented at the Digital Humanities conference
in Hamburg, Germany, last month.
Then the scientists noticed the ridge
in a pitted, yellowed skull of our 2 - million - year - old relative Homo
erectus — but not
in older hominids known as australopithecines, who walked the earth as far back as 4.4 million years ago.
Continued work
in this region by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, and an international team of collaborators, has revealed a hominin trace fossil discovery of unprecedented scale for this time period — five distinct sites that preserve a total of 97 tracks created by at least 20 different presumed Homo
erectus individuals.
Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
in Leipzig, along with an international team of collaborators, have recently discovered multiple assemblages of Homo
erectus footprints
in northern Kenya that provide unique opportunities to understand locomotor patterns and group structure through a form of data that directly records these dynamic behaviours.
That's right around the time that an earlier form of human, Homo
erectus, settled
in Asia.
Morwood, who passed away on July 23 from cancer, made important contributions
in research areas ranging from the rock art of Australia's Kimberly region to the seafaring capabilities of Homo
erectus.
H.
erectus's feet had clearly evolved a modern shape, with the big toe parallel to the other toes and a pronounced arch, says paleoanthroologist Brian Richmond of George Washington University
in Washington, D.C.
«I think for the first time, by virtue of the Dmanisi hominins, we have a solid hypothesis for the origin of H.
erectus,» says Rick Potts, a paleoanthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History
in Washington, D.C.
Researchers had long thought that H.
erectus swept out of their native continent
in the wake of African mammals they hunted and scavenged.
Though the fossils» small stature and brains might fit best with H. habilis, their relatively long legs and modern body proportions place them
in H.
erectus, says David Lordkipanidze, general director of the Georgian National Museum and head of the Dmanisi team.
Until the discovery of the first jawbone at Dmanisi 25 years ago, researchers thought that the first hominins to leave Africa were classic H.
erectus (also known as H. ergaster
in Africa).
In September Penn State evolutionary biologist Robert Eckhardt published a paper attacking the idea that Flores Man was a separate species of hominin, related to Homo erectus, that lived in isolation as recently as 13,000 years ag
In September Penn State evolutionary biologist Robert Eckhardt published a paper attacking the idea that Flores Man was a separate species of hominin, related to Homo
erectus, that lived
in isolation as recently as 13,000 years ag
in isolation as recently as 13,000 years ago.