So, another question for AIG: if the Dmanisi skulls are H. erectus, and
erectus skulls are «within the range of people today», could they please provide some evidence of modern humans with similar brain sizes?
Quite a few other
erectus skulls, particularly the older African ones, are 850 cm3 or smaller.
H.
erectus skulls are much smaller than those of equivalently - sized modern humans.
For example, the lowest point of Birdsell's line for Homo erectus is about 900cc, even though some H.
erectus skulls are known with values smaller than that.
Goodman ignores most of them, but misrepresents at least one: he calls the Rhodesian Man skull a late - surviving H. erectus, when it is, at 1280 cc., larger than
any erectus skull and falls nicely into the morphological and temporal gaps which he claims separate H. erectus and H. sapiens.
The erectus skull ER 3733 shows a marked jump up to 66 °, indicating that all the previous ancestors had ape - faces and no progression is seen through the australopithecines and «habilis.»
Bunney reported in 1986 that a human skeleton dating from c. 280kya in China antedates
an erectus skull from Zhoukoudian (the Peking Man site) near Beijing by 50,000 years.
Not exact matches
«It was originally thought that the
skull belonged to Homo
erectus until the deposits were more reliably radiocarbon dated to about 5,000 to 6,000 years.
The new
skull tells us that H.
erectus evolved in a mosaic fashion, with some aspects of the
skull changing before others, says Spoor.
The shape of the brain case was the first to change: the new
skull has a braincase shaped like a typical H.
erectus despite its small size.
Lordkipanidze and his colleagues say that the new
skull supports the idea that the many species of hominin thought to have coexisted during this period are, in fact, a single species, H.
erectus, which is simply more variable in appearance than previously thought.
The
skull, found underneath the medieval village of Dmanisi, belonged to a human ancestor called Homo
erectus, but its gender and cause of death are still unknown.
While the team's more radical claims are in doubt, the new
skull does help confirm the importance and success of H.
erectus.
An entire
skull belonging to an extinct hominin that lived 1.8 million years ago has been found in Georgia — the earliest completely preserved specimen ever found and confirmation that the species it belonged to, Homo
erectus was far more variable in appearance than originally thought.
However, the history of the more modern Homo
erectus, big - brained and fully upright, has been told mainly through
skull fossils, says Sileshi Semaw, a palaeoanthroplogist at the Stone Age Institute in Gosport, Indiana, who led the team.
Differences in age and sex, says Tattersall, can not account for the wide variation in features such as jaw and brow shape not only among Dmanisi
skulls, but also when compared with H.
erectus fossils from other sites.
Then the scientists noticed the ridge in a pitted, yellowed
skull of our 2 - million - year - old relative Homo
erectus — but not in older hominids known as australopithecines, who walked the earth as far back as 4.4 million years ago.
H. ergaster may be distinguished from H.
erectus by its thinner
skull bones and lack of an obvious sulcus.
A 1.8 million - year - old
skull suggests several of the half - dozen species of human ancestors and cousins alive then were likely all members of just one species: Homo
erectus.
For example, the shapes of their dental palate and
skulls match those of H.
erectus, not H. habilis.
Using a statistics - based technique to compare their shape and size with the
skulls of many other hominins, Harvard University paleoanthropologist Philip Rightmire found that only one of the Dmanisi
skulls — at 730 cubic centimeters — fits «comfortably within the confines of H.
erectus.»
The new remains — six teeth, a fragment of jawbone and a tiny piece of
skull — don't settle the issue, but Yousuke Kaifu at Tokyo's National Museum of Nature and Science and his colleagues think they back the shrunken H.
erectus theory.
The hobbit's
skull is similar to that of a taller hominin, Homo
erectus.
Along with a larger brain — about two - thirds the size of ours — came a reduction in the size and projection of the face, including much smaller teeth and jaws than those of Paranthropus (H.
erectus's contemporary in Africa) and loss of the
skull crest.
The first fossil
skulls of Homo
erectus, 1.8 million years ago, had brains averaging a bit larger than 600 ml.
But the most striking difference is that, for Gish,
skull ER 1470 and the Homo
erectus fossils are apes or monkeys; for Lubenow, they are fully and completely human.
These
skulls are intermediate between H.
erectus and H. sapiens in morphology, time, and brain size, nicely filling the gap which Goodman claims exists between them.
The fact that dozens of
erectus fossils exist and that their
skull anatomy in particular is quite different from modern humans is concealed.
The details of the Reilingen
skull portions indicate a mix of
erectus and more modern features, thus confirming the hypothesis set forth in this paper.100
Both the
skulls and skeletal bones are primitive even by Homo
erectus standards, and have a number of features reminiscent of Homo habilis:
There are no unambiguous archaic sapiens in Asia but two recently - discovered
skulls from China seem to have the flattened
erectus - type foreheads, yet their ECV's are apparently close to the modern human average and their faces are flatter than the usual
erectus specimens.
Let us grant, for the moment and for the sake of argument, AIG's claim that the
skull sizes of Homo
erectus fall within the range of modern humans.
The earlier
skull is typical
erectus in its morphology, yet has a rounded occiput and a brain case of about 1390cc.
One problem is that Lubenow counts as
erectus many
skulls belonging to fairly recent sapiens, mostly of Australian aboriginal specimens.
According to these reports a well preserved
erectus - type
skull has been uncovered in a gravel pit near Reilingen.
So although the extreme lower range of modern human brain sizes does overlap that of Homo
erectus, their
skulls are very different: in H.
erectus, the brain case really is smaller in relation to the rest of the
skull.
They point to the mix of sapiens and
erectus features in the two recently discovered Chinese fossil
skulls which virtually proves that
erectus and sapiens are members of the same species and the taxon Homo
erectus should be laid to rest.94
Why do they say that the smaller Dmanisi
skulls belong to H.
erectus and are human, if the man they recognize as the creationist expert on human evolution thinks they are apes?