Sentences with phrase «erosion rates»

The establishment of «setbacks» build wider beaches that can withstand current erosion rates and be more resilient in the face of future sea level.

Over time, this diversification can lead to different erosion rates and changes to the landscape.

Their decline, due to disease, has been one major reason why erosion rates are now much lower.

Are setback standards based on the latest erosion rates?

In this report, we present erosion information that is available from the states, ranging from engineering studies to erosion rate maps.

There are only a couple of studies documenting long - term trends in coastal erosion rates in this chunk of Arctic.

Dr. Koppes and Dr. Montgomery compiled data on erosion rates from glaciated and non-glaciated areas around the world.

Then, about 8,200 years ago, temperatures began to cool rapidly and erosion rates increased again.

With natural soil production rates of centuries to millennia per inch and soil erosion rates of inches per century under plow - based agriculture, it would take just several hundred to a couple of thousand years to plow through the soil in these regions.

Although clear evidence for accelerated erosion is sparse, there has been a documented increase in erosion rates between 1954 - 1970 and 1970 - 2000 for coastal terrain with very high ground - ice content at Herschel Island, Canada (Lantuit and Pollard, 2003).

Changes in soil surface conditions, such as surface roughness, sealing and crusting, may change with shifts in climate, and hence affect erosion rates.

Researchers said rivers can cut through bedrock and this process is thought to be the major factor in controlling mountain erosion, however, the long - term preservation of some mountains is at odds with some of the underlying assumptions regarding river erosion rates in current models of river - based landscape evolution.

The history captured in the Kulusuk Lake cores shows that a warming period started about 8,500 years ago, when the glacier's erosion rates fell rapidly, suggesting the glacier was getting smaller.

Moreover, a jump in the region's erosion rates about a million years ago coincides with a transition to more powerful ice ages — a sign that climate change can have a larger than expected effect in tearing down mountains.

In the mid-1990s Cornell University researchers estimated that undoing damage caused by soil erosion would cost the U.S. $ 44 billion a year, and that it would take an annual investment of about $ 6 billion to bring erosion rates on U.S. cropland in line with soil production.

At this time, based on erosion rates extrapolated to 2100, the study authors predicted that Uppards Island would be completely eroded, with relatively small changes occurring to Port Isobel and Tangier Island.

In this study, the effects of sea level rise (assumed to continue at present, at the time of the study, rates, which the authors noted was likely conservative), wave fetch, wind speed and direction were examined and the resultant erosion rate was estimated for the Western and Eastern shore of Uppands, Port Isobel and Tangier Island by selecting 10 points along the western and eastern shoreline of all the islands.

The authors built a planetary evolution model to show how these processes relate and found that if continental weathering and erosion rates decreased, at first the continents would remain large.

«We can use the beryllium - 10 erosion rates as a target for successful resource conservation strategies; they can be used to develop smart environmental policies and regulations that will protect threatened soil and water resources for generations to come.»

There is already evidence that the St. Elias Mountains are reacting to the abnormally high erosion rates, says Terry Pavlis, a structural geologist at UT El Paso and the leader of an earlier onshore study.

It's the first step to understand erosion rates and processes and to decipher why it has persisted longer than most people expected.»

The second scenario presumes a slower erosion rate, which leaves the tuff cone intact for about 25 - 30 years.

As the PETM got going, and erosion rates sped up in the warming world, sediments rich in carbon and oxygen accrued at faster rates at the New Jersey sites.

On Earth, inverted channels often occur in dry, desert environments like Oman, Egypt, or Utah, where erosion rates are low — in most other environments, the channels are worn away before they can become inverted.

In this particular environment, it doesn't look like there are strong negative feedbacks on erosion rates because the material appears to be simply too fine - grained and ice - rich to be redeposited locally and form barriers, bars, etc..

So although erosion rates are high, there is always more mountain to erode.

They found that in a tectonically active area like Taiwan, erosion rates due to rivers were about the same as the rates due to glaciers in other tectonically active places like Alaska and Patagonia.

An anticipatory approach, one accounting for current and future erosion rates and climate change perturbation, will force communities to develop accordingly.

During a La Niña event, erosion rates reversed.

For example, improved conservation practices can greatly reduce erosion rates (Souchere et al., 2005), while clear - cutting a forest during a «slash - and - burn» operation has a huge negative impact on susceptibility to runoff and erosion.

To determine how much carbon is released by erosion, the researchers combined their soil organic carbon calculations with long - term erosion rates (the region loses a mean of 0.7 meters of coastline per year).

Coastal erosion rates average three to five feet per year, but a single severe storm can cause upwards of 50 feet of erosion on the 7.25 - square mile island.

«Erosion rates exceed 5 m / yr along 4 % of the sandy shoreline and are greater than 10 m / yr for 2 % of the global sandy shoreline.

Runoff and erosion rates rise dramatically in the rainy seasons following wildfire, increasing the risk of destructive floods, sediment accumulation, and debris flows.

Soil erosion rates are expected to change in response to changes in climate for a variety of reasons.

Mars and Housenecht at U.S.G.S. in a 2007 Geology paper looked at Landsat imagery that suggested that erosion rates between 1985 - 2005 were about twice the rates documented between 1955 - 1985; more recently Ben Jones at U.S.G.S. has suggested in a paper in review that rates over just the past decade are faster and more uniform than historical rates.

Molnar, P. (2004), Late Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of terrestrial sediment: How might climate change have affected erosion rates?

The study revealed landslides affected river erosion rates in two ways.

The history captured in the Kulusuk Lake sediment cores shows that a warming period started about 8,500 years ago, when the glacier's erosion rates fell rapidly, suggesting the glacier was getting smaller.

A modelling exercise (Rasumov, 2001) suggested that erosion rates in the eastern Siberian Arctic could increase by 3 - 5 m / yr with a 3 °C increase in mean summer air temperature.

«If bioeroding species increase in number, and erosion rates increase relative to carbonate production, then this could spell trouble for many Caribbean coral reefs.»

The erosion rate more than doubled when the glaciers moved in, Thomson said.

But recent research has shown that erosion rate to be far faster than the rate at which soil rebuilds.

Although the effect of no - till on erosion rates depends on a number of local factors, such as the type of soil and the crop, it can bring soil erosion rates down close to soil production rates.

While this new study shows that erosion rates were unsustainable in the recent past, «it also provides a goal for the future,» Rood says.

According to Nyssa Silbiger, lead author of the study and doctoral candidate at HIMB, this novel technique provides a more accurate measurement of accretion and erosion rates.