Sentences with phrase «eruptions produce»

The effects of aerosol injections are at least somewhat known, since volcanic eruptions produce aerosols naturally and have produced cooling in the past.

Because of Io's low gravity, large volcanic eruptions produce an umbrella of debris that rises high into space.

First, volcanic eruptions produce major quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas known to contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Despite this overall reduction, the September 2017 solar eruptions produced episodes of significant Solar Particle Events and associated radiation caused by particle acceleration by successive, magnetically well - connected coronal mass ejections.

Toba's eruption produced vast quantities of sulphur dioxide, a gas that behaves in the opposite way to a greenhouse gas — it cools Earth by increasing the atmosphere's ability to reflect the sun's rays back into space.

In 2014 the eruption was explosive, but in 2007 the eruption produced little ash and instead created a small lava flow within the crater.

One of the things I'm having trouble with is the uncertainties of aerosals and their effects on cooling, or the possibility of volcanic eruptions producing particles that result in cooling.

Not exact matches

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

«In between there's a sweet spot,» Kite said, where tidal forces turn water motion into heat, generating enough power to produce eruptions that match the observed five - hour lag.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

The five - week - long 2008 Okmok eruption in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska was explosive due to the interaction of the magma with the abundant water inside the caldera, producing billowing clouds that deposited most of the tephra as fine - grained ash within 10 km of the vent area.

And geologist Björn Oddsson, a graduate researcher at the University of Iceland, reports that temperature data gleaned from infrared monitors will help scientists calculate the volcano's overall energy flow, which may yield insight into the dynamics that produced the eruption's unusually fine, far - reaching ash plume.

The researchers argue that the deadly gases of the Siberian eruption killed vegetation across the globe, just as much smaller modern eruptions have produced acid rain and other plant - killing phenomena.

Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chichn emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur - rich gases produced by Mt. St. Helens, which revealed that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption.

Does one major volcanic eruption generate more climate - altering gas than that produced by humans in their entire history?

Ultimately, he found that, while volcanic eruptions would have spewed huge quantities of both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere, it was the former that dissolved more easily in shallow waters, producing large concentrations of sulfidic anions, in the form of sulfites and bisulfites.

Large reservoirs of magma stored deep in Earth's crust are key to producing some of Earth's most powerful volcanic eruptions, new research has shown.

Iceland's Bárðarbunga volcano, buried under the giant Vatnajökull glacier, has been holding scientists in suspense over the last 2 weeks, producing frequent seismic rumbles but no signs yet of an actual eruption.

Geologic evidence suggests that Yellowstone has produced three enormous eruptions within the past 2.1 million years, but these are not the only type of eruptions that can occur.

But scientists at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) in Reykjavík are now seasoned by back - to - back eruptions at Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 and Grímsvötn in 2011 that produced large ash clouds and caused costly air traffic snarls.

«I had done some work modeling aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions for other projects, so I started looking into how we might detect an eruption and what it would tell us.»

The research highlights the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate, when particles produced can reflect sunlight from Earth, causing long - lasting cooling.

The deadliest volcanoes on earth are called supervolcanoes, capable of producing cataclysmic eruptions that devastate huge regions, and cause global cooling of the climate.

«The question for many years was what gas produced these sorts of eruptions on the Moon,» said Alberto Saal, associate professor of earth, environmental, and planetary sciences at Brown and corresponding author of the new research.

Seismic waves are waves of energy produced by earthquakes, explosions and volcanic eruptions, which can travel long distances below Earth's surface.

Six months later, when the eruption ended, it had produced enough lava to cover an area the size of Manhattan.

Based on the size of the 2012 pumice raft, the eruption of the Havre Volcano was estimated to be the largest documented underwater silicic eruption — a particular type of eruption that produces viscous, gas - filled lava that often occurs explosively.

In a study published online in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, David Fee of the Alaska Volcanic Observatory and Wilson Alaska Technical Center and his colleagues used these techniques to examine the ground - coupled airwaves produced by recent eruptions at Cleveland, Veniaminof and Pavlof volcanoes in Alaska.

Scientists have never been able to study a large underwater silicic eruption shortly after it occurred in order to better understand how they happen and what they produce.

Eventually the fields snap, producing an eruption of energy and light called a solar flare.

The volcano has not yet started to produce more earthquakes as it gradually rebuilds toward another eruption, which typically happen every decade or so.

The eruption also produced erratic weather and spectacular sunsets throughout the world for many months afterwards, as a result of sunlight reflected from suspended dust particles ejected by the volcano high into Earth's atmosphere.

(see Graphic) The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines two years ago produced a cooling of the planet that «may be the largest global climate perturbation of the century», according to a new assessment by the American climatologist James Hansen.

Glass compositions of the YTT (open squares) are clearly distinct from tephra of the Rungwe Volcanic Province (26) and of the Olkaria (27) and Eburru (28) volcanoes, Kenya, which have produced rhyolitic eruptions during the last 150 ka..

The most explosive volcanic event of the Quaternary was the eruption of Mt. Toba, Sumatra, 75,000 y ago, which produced voluminous ash deposits found across much of the Indian Ocean, Indian Peninsula, and South China Sea.

For comparison, the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 produced only 4.2 cubic kilometers of material.

Supervolcano isn't a true scientific term, Benson explained, but generally refers to a volcanic eruption that produces at least 1,000 cubic kilometers of material.

Reconnection produces northern lights, solar flares and eruptions, and geomagnetic storms that can snarl cell phone service, black out power grids and disrupt laboratory fusion experiments.

This is where eruptions are produced but on a much smaller scale, so nowhere near as bright.

What this is saying I think is that no one had managed at that point to build a physics - based model which produces a very high sensitivity while agreeing well with observations such as the effect of the Pinatubo eruption.

The most recent eruption in Iceland was the half - a-year Bárðarbunga / Holuhraun effusive eruption that produced about 1.6 km3 (DRE), spread over 85 km2 [3].

Ian Plimer in another contrarian tome included some even more made up facts: «massive volcanic eruptions (e.g. Pinatubo) emit the equivalent of a years» human CO2 emissions in a few days» (p472) and «Volcanoes produce more CO2 then the world's cars and industries combined» (p413).

This remedy binds the antibodies produced and facilitates excretion through the bowels instead of eruptions and inflammation of the skin.

Produced by Nomadic Pictures, with executive producers Chad Oakes and Mike Frislev, and Neil LaBute as showrunner, the series follows the last remaining underground vampires, who, after a catastrophic volcano eruption, rise up through a dark, ash - filled sky to overtake America.

Mauna Loa's Most Spectacular Eruption began on June 1, 1950; lasted 23 days; and produced 0.376 cubic kilometers of lava.

Pollen and dust granules are inhaled by dogs just as they are by dog owners, but instead of producing sinus congestion and a sore throat, they cause the skin to itch, the hair to fall out, and, with prolonged scratching, the eruption of pustules that often become infected.

Depending on the weather, you may or may not be able to catch a glimpse of the eruptions as Arenal is usually surrounded by clouds which often produce rain.

Since «supervolcano» calderas can have eruptive lifespans sometimes measured in millions of years, a caldera that has not produced an eruption in tens of thousands of years is likely to be considered dormant instead of extinct.

But the abandoned farmsteads reveal that this volcano produced many earthquakes before both previous eruptions, giving people time to evacuate.

In this new body of work, the tensions created by sediments and eruptions of painterly activity produce forms of abstract messaging and storied constructivism.