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Kraus explains this as part of the relational
essence of an eternal object which includes «the indefinite plurality of relations which constitute the status of the eternal object in the realm of possibility» (ME 34).
Although Schmidt derives his view from the SMW chapter «Abstraction,» he evidently finds the basis for his observation in statements Whitehead made about the relational
essence of eternal objects, and this buttresses my own conclusions.
I point out, however, that even Christian does not fully explicate Whitehead's doctrine of the relational
essence of eternal objects as is attempted in this paper, for he chooses to focus on the internal relatedness involved in objectification rather than the internal relatedness that also obtains between eternal objects themselves.
Obviously, «realizable» here means something other than «ideally realizable,» which need only involve the individual
essence of an eternal object.
Further,
the essence of an eternal object is merely the eternal object considered as adding its own unique contribution to each actual occasion.
The relational
essence of an eternal object specifies a particular how relationship.
He does not argue, but merely asserts that the relational
essence of an eternal object A refers to «a set of extensive relations which give it [A] a status in this abstract system» and «to logico - mathematical relationships» akin to eternal objects of the objective species in Process and Reality (PW 77/79).
The «relational
essence of an eternal object, Whitehead tells us,
Again, the very
essence of eternal salvation is completely by - passed for a discussion on «warm and fuzzy» family ties.
Not exact matches
But in terms
of their individual
essences only a selection
of eternal objects ingresses into each actual occasion.
As Whitehead says in Science and the Modern World (p. 160), «Since the relationships
of A [an
eternal object] to other
eternal objects stand determinately in the
essence of A, it follows that they are internal relations.»
Like the Leibnizian monad, the occasion is individuated by its individual
essence, its particular perspective; but unlike the Leibnizian monad this
essence is not predicated
of the occasion as a substantial substratum, but enters into the inner constitution
of the occasion as «a vector transmission
of emotional feeling» or, in the language
of physics, «the transmission
of a form
of energy» from past occasions via the
eternal objects that communicate the emotional form and make possible the subsequent reenactment by the prehending occasion (PR 315 / 479f.).
Although the simple
eternal object defines a class
of particulars that as values
of the variable are that definite shade
of green, and although these individuals are externally related, the simple
eternal object itself is internally related to the higher grade object, in that it partially constitutes its
essence.
Our Churches, with common consent, do teach that the decree
of the Council
of Nicaea concerning the Unity
of the Divine
Essence and concerning the Three Persons, is true and to be believed without any doubting; that is to say, there is one Divine Essence which is called and which is God: eternal, without body, without parts, of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, the Maker and Preserver of all things, visible and invisible; and yet there are three Persons, of the same essence and power, who also are coeternal, the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Essence and concerning the Three Persons, is true and to be believed without any doubting; that is to say, there is one Divine
Essence which is called and which is God: eternal, without body, without parts, of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, the Maker and Preserver of all things, visible and invisible; and yet there are three Persons, of the same essence and power, who also are coeternal, the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Essence which is called and which is God:
eternal, without body, without parts,
of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, the Maker and Preserver
of all things, visible and invisible; and yet there are three Persons,
of the same
essence and power, who also are coeternal, the Father, the Son, and the Holy
essence and power, who also are coeternal, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
These different modes
of ingression are a function
of the
eternal object's relational
essence, that is,
of its patience for being jointly ingressed with other
eternal objects having the requisite relational
essence (SMW 229f).
This understanding
of God is evident in Pannenberg's link between the immanent Trinitv (God's
eternal essence) and the economic Trinity (God as active in salvation history).
For Husserl every actuality (Whitehead's actual Occasion) is an expression
of an
essence (Whitehead's
eternal object); experience is composed
of «individual instances
of...
essences» (Ideas 113).
Platonic Form, Idea,
Essence,
Eternal Object; Potentiality and Givenness; Exclusiveness
of the Given; Subject - Superject, Becoming and Being; Evaporation
of Indetermination in Concrescence, Satisfaction Determinate and Exclusive; Concrescence Dipolar... (PR 57; emphasis mine)
Perhaps the best way
of thinking about this is to distinguish between the loving unity that the three divine Persons experience, on the one hand, and the loving unity that defines God's
eternal essence, on the other.
Each relation belongs to the relational
essence of green and together are constitutive
of the
eternal object green (SMW 230).
The realm
of essence is the home
of an
eternal infinity
of qualities and forms which the flux
of physical existence (the realm
of matter) may or may not actualize from time to time as the character
of one
of its phases (or which spirit may or may not conceive or imagine from time to time) but there is no dynamism in the realm
of essence to determine which shall thus enter the concrete world (see RB 385 - 386).
But, in fact, mind's main choice is between the correct, though finally improvable, acceptance
of most
of the
essences it intuits as a description
of a world in which mind has no special primacy and a confinement
of attention simply to the
eternal individuality
of the
essences immediately present to it.
On the face
of it Santayana rejects all three
of these departures from the tradition, since (1) he makes no very explicit move from a continuant to an event ontology, (2) regards the inherent nature
of an object as a matter
of the individual
eternal essence which it actualizes and (3) regards the distinction between matter and form as at least a virtually inevitable way
of expressing the obscure manner in which one state
of things takes over from another (see RB 278 - 284).
It is because he fears that speaking
of pure
essences as existing will encourage assimilation
of their status to that
of efficacious particular things that he insists that so long as they stick within their own
eternal realm they only have pure being.
Each actual entity is, viewed from this perspective, a process
of emerging definiteness where the process is the decision whereby the
essence of each and every
eternal object is either included or excluded from positive aesthetic feeling — is either positively or negatively prehended, to use the terminology
of Process and Reality.
To talk about an
eternal attribute which is different from the divine
Essence but coexistent with it is to personify it and give it the status
of a substance — a position very similar to that
of the Christian Trinity.
748) in his refutation
of the Christian doctrine
of the Trinity, which he considered a plurality
of eternal attributes in one
Essence.
The substance and
essence of Christianity, as I understand it, is
eternal and unchangeable, and will bear examination forever, but it has been mixed with extraneous ingredients, which I think will not bear examination, and they ought to be separated.
In the realm
of eternal objects — a realm in which the relationships between objects are simultaneously unselective and systematically complete — we discover the musical tone «B.» Considered purely with respect to its relational
essence, «B» entertains the possibility
of many relations: it may be a tonic, a dominant, a subdominant, a neopolitan, a relative minor; it may form the base
of a fully diminished vii chord, or the seventh tone
of a V / V chord, the third tone in a twelve - tone row, the fourth interval in a five - tone cell, and so on.
i) the relationships
of any
eternal object A, considered as constitutive
of A, merely involve other
eternal objects as bare relata without reference to their individual
essences, and
In classical theism, which insists upon God's simplicity, immutability, and eternality, the
eternal essence of God was all that could possibly be revealed
of God.
With respect to its individual
essence, in the realm
of eternal objects «B» simply is what it is in isolation.
The general belief seems to be that an
eternal life with God and each other will,
of its
essence, be attractive and forever satisfying.
Nevertheless, we do not feel that he has made full use
of the resources available in process theism when he restricts what is revealed in Christ to the
eternal essence of God.
He argued that while each human being has a very tiny life span, or finite appearance in the whole
of space - time
of the universe, humanity is also an
eternal intelligible
essence.
act as a distinct causal agent upon the parts which constitute him and the cosmos.48 Moreover, panentheism includes the notion that God's abstract
essence or
eternal existence is logically independent
of, and hence distinguishable from, every particular world.49
Others eliminate the force
of the difference, but not the difference itself, by making various distinctions, for example, between the historical «accidents» and the
eternal «
essence» (as in Harnack), or between the familiar present worldview, which is normative, and the strange, alien past one, which is not (as in J. Weiss and Schweitzer), or between what a text «says» and what it «means» (as in Bultmann, whose approach attempts to resolve the tensions involved in the former two enterprises).
Having reduced my perception
of God and his purpose to the bare
essence without any theosophical definition and having renounced any expectation
of an
eternal reward with any connection to my current mode
of existence, is my affirmation
of a supreme being and a supreme purpose meaningful?
To what extent is the being
of occasions a real and concrete being in contrast to the abstract being
of eternal objects whose abstract
essence can be defined solely as the possibility
of a concrete actualization in an occasion?
Similarly, Baptists hold that «the
eternal triune God reveals Himself to us as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, with distinct personal attributes, but without division
of nature,
essence, or being.»
The same proposition can constitute the content
of diverse judgments by diverse judging entities respectively..., this requires that the same complex
of logical subjects objectified via the same
eternal objects, can enter as a partial constituent into the «real»
essences of diverse actual entities.
But the
essence of the Hellenistic idea
of God is that deity is by nature all that men by nature can not be: God is uncompounded, absolutely simple, hence static (a state identified with perfection), unchanging, subject to no variation,
eternal, impassible, unmoved.
If all is to be conceived by analogy with our human nature, then either Spinoza is right and the
eternal, immutable
essence of the cosmic soul necessitates everything in the cosmic body, and there is no chance, randomness, or genuinely open alternatives either within the world or as between this and other possible worlds; or there is freedom both in our decisions and in God's.
Moreover, sensa are declared to have some form
of realization that differs from that
of patterns: «But the realization
of a sensum in its ideal shallowness
of intensity, with zero width, does not require any other
eternal object, other than its intrinsic apparatus
of individual and relational
essence; it can remain just itself, with its unrealized potentialities for patterned contrasts» (PR 115 / 176).
That aspect
of the
eternal object which is its for - the - world perspective is also indicated by the characteristics
of non-unique relational
essence (3), element
of associative hierarchy (5), pattern (7), and repeatability (9).
Now, it seems that such «ideal» realization primarily pertains to what Whitehead calls the «individual
essence»
of an
eternal object (PR 165 / 251, cf. PR 44 / 70), and he means by this that every
eternal object regarded abstractly as an entity unto itself — in its individual
essence — requires no reference to other specified
eternal objects.
Thus, though the individual
essences of neither sensa nor patterns require references to other specified
eternal objects, sensa presuppose no other
eternal objects in their individual
essences, while patterns do presuppose sensa.
Therefore, sensa and patterns do not differ in the respect that they must be essentially related to other
eternal objects in physical ingression, and this aspect
of their relational
essences guarantees that no
eternal object can physically ingress individually.
This is to say that the physical ingression
of all
eternal objects involves their relational
essences.