There was a good correlation with
esterase staining and AChR labeling in the normal dog.
Serial sections were evaluated with light microscopy (
esterase reaction) and fluorescent microscopy (red fluorescence) and localization of stainings compared.
Multifocal areas
of esterase reactivity were identified, but it could not be determined from this reaction if staining correlated with localization of motor end - plates.
Functional and structural characterization of a thermostable
acetyl esterase from Thermotoga maritima.
In the Jack Russell Terrier with CMS (neuromuscular disease control), several end - plates were stained
with esterase; however, no AChRs were labeled in the serial muscle section, consistent with the marked decrease in muscle AChRs described in this breed.
When the nanoparticle encounters a cellular enzyme
called esterases it releases the second drug, camptothecin.
When the researchers determined which genes were active in plants that were making lignin, they noticed one that hadn't been identified as central to lignin biosynthesis, a gene for an enzyme called caffeoyl
shikimate esterase (CSE).
Pectinase enzymes include polygalacturonases, pectin
methyl esterases, and pectin lyases.
Structural and biochemical studies identify tobacco SABP2 as a methyl
salicylate esterase and implicate it in plant innate immunity
The expression vector contained the cDNAs coding for a potential fusion protein containing the GFP (EGFP), the
2A esterase of foot - and - mouth disease virus (FMDV), and HOXB4 with an additional N - terminal hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag (eGFP2AHOXB4).
These investigators use a clever pharmacogenetic approach, combining cell - specific expression of the porcine
liver esterase (PLE) with delivery of MK801 linked to 4 - hydroxy -3-nitrobenzyl carbamate through a carboxymethylpropyl ester group.
Human PSA tests can not be used since dogs with prostate problems since dogs have elevated levels of a
different esterase called CPSE.
There is a good correlation
between esterase staining (brown) and α - bungarotoxin localization (red) in the control dog muscle.
Although esterase staining is present in the Labrador Retriever muscle (arrows), the localization correlates poorly with that of AChRs.
In the CMS Jack Russell
Terrier esterase staining was present; however, staining for AChR was markedly decreased or absent, consistent with a markedly decreased AChR content.
For each dog, histochemical staining for
esterase activity (brown stain) is shown along with a serial section demonstrating immunofluorescent localization of α - bungarotoxin for AChR and end - plate localization (red color).
Caffeoyl
shikimate esterase (CSE) is an enzyme whose genes can be switched off to control the formation of lignin.
In the Labrador Retriever with CMS,
esterase staining was evident in multiple locations but did not fully correlate with AChR labeling (Figure 4).
The first, from a strain of Rhodococcus bacteria, is an acetyl
esterase that converts heroin into morphine by stripping off two simple chemical groups.
In vitro, Pds has been shown to produce β - glucosidase, N - acetyl - β - glucosaminidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases,
esterase / esterase lipase / lipase, leucine and vailine arylamidase, naphthol - AS - B1 - phophohydrolase, various proteinases (albumin / casein / gelatin), and urease, while no enzymatic activity was indicated for cystine arylamidase, α - chymotrypsin, alpha / beta galactosidase, trypsin, β - glucoronidase, α - fucosidase, and α - mannosidase [11].
In the affected Labrador Retrievers, localization of
the esterase reaction showed a poor correlation between AChE and AChR.
Sections from each dog were incubated with
the esterase reaction for identification of presumptive motor end - plates or Alexa Fluor 594 α - bungarotoxin (1:1000, Molecular Probes) for localization of AChRs at the motor end - plate.
Light microscopic evaluation of histological and histochemical stains and reactions was performed according to standard protocols [20] and included hematoxylin and eosin, modified Gomori trichrome, periodic acid Schiff, phosphorylase,
esterase, myofibrillar ATPase reaction at preincubation pH of 9.8, 4.5, and 4.3, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - tetrazolium reductase, succinic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and oil red O.