Sentences with phrase «estimate mean annual temperature»

Not exact matches

The kinder, gentler model from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research in the United Kingdom estimated a wetter, warmer future: Rainfall may increase 20 percent to 25 percent, mean annual temperatures could increase 2 degrees Fahrenheit by 2030 and 4 degrees by 2100.

The review by O'Gorman et al (3) reports that a 1C increase in global mean temperature will result in a 2 % — 7 % increase in the precipitation rate; the lower values are results of GCM output, and the upper values are results from regressing estimated annual rainfalls on annual mean temperatures.

However, the CRU global mean combined land air / sea surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998) while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.

Estimates of the global and annual mean temperature based on a number of different data sets, including both traditional analyses as well as re-analyses (also see the last 15 years).

Estimates of the global and annual mean temperature based on a number of different data sets, including both traditional analyses as well as re-analyses

Observational errors on any one annual mean temperature anomaly estimate are around 0.1 deg C, and the errors from the linear fits are given in the text.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

The global mean temperature for 2015 is expected to be between 0.52 °C and 0.76 °C * above the long - term (1961 - 1990) average of 14.0 °C, with a central estimate of 0.64 °C, according to the Met Office annual global temperature forecast.

««Removing the annual emissions traced to 90 major carbon producers from the best estimate full historical forcing case shows that the combustion of their products from 1880 to 2010 led to a 0.4 (± 0.01) °C increase in [global mean standard temperature]...» This claim is absolutely bogus.

The mean annual air temperature at the long - term ELA of 1170 m is -1.5 °C, as estimated from the Wolverine weather station at 990 m altitude about 0.5 km west of the glacier.

An «estimate» and / or «reconstruction» of an annual or decadal temperature mean from data recorded only in June and July is just a «swag» (a scientific wild - ass guess).

Assuming a full - glacial temperature lapse rate of -6 °C / 1000m, depression of mean annual temperature in glaciated alpine areas was ca 5.4 ± 0.8 °C; it is similar to values of temperature depression (5 - 6.4 °C) for the last glaciation obtained from various terrestrial sites, but contrasts with tropical sea - surface temperature estimates that are only 1 - 3 °C cooler than present.

All of these characteristics (except for the ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999); area of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003); total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995); maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003); maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003), volume averaged ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).

«For this reason, I remain concerned about the following statement from the Summary for Policymakers from the report: «the incomplete estimates of global annual economic losses for additional temperature increases of ~ 2 °C are between 0.2 and 2 % of income (± 1 standard deviation around the mean)».

The cash value of this is, that all of NASA's estimates of annual mean global surface temperatures come with an uncertainty of + / -(not less than 0.6) °C.

ACORN - SAT and the Bureau's real - time high - resolution temperature analyses are aimed at providing much more information than just an estimate of Australian annual - mean temperatures.

Meanwhile, the CET is a point estimate for one location on Earth's surface, and should never be misconstrued as truly representative of the global annual mean temperature, or the Northern Hemesphere annual mean temperature..

Pre-1910 estimates of Australian annual - mean temperature from just a few sites are very uncertain.

Probability density functions of mean annual temperature (MAT) estimates for the Arctic during the Pliocene based on three independent proxies.

«Indeed it is estimated that annual mean temperature has increased by over 2 °C during the last 70 years and precipitation has decreased in most regions, except the western part of the country, indicating that Mongolia is among the most vulnerable nations in the world to global warming.»

The analysis method was fully documented in Hansen and Lebedeff (1987), including quantitative estimates of the error in annual and 5 - year mean temperature change.

Based on the present work, we estimate that this effect may have raised the annual mean temperatures of De Bilt by 0.10 ± 0.06 °C during the 20th century, being almost the full value of the present - day urban heat advection.

The space - time structure of natural climate variability needed to determine the optimal fingerprint pattern and the resultant signal - to - noise ratio of the detection variable is estimated from several multi-century control simulations with different CGCMs and from instrumental data over the last 136 y. Applying the combined greenhouse gas - plus - aerosol fingerprint in the same way as the greenhouse gas only fingerprint in a previous work, the recent 30 - y trends (1966 — 1995) of annual mean near surface temperature are again found to represent a significant climate change at the 97.5 % confidence level.