Sentences with phrase «estimate mean differences»

In its simplest form, this technique can estimate mean differences using the following equation for outcome Y of student i in matched pair m:

With the effects of other covariates and the classification effects subsumed in the intercept of the equations, the vertical distance between the regression lines represents the estimated mean difference at a given covariate value on the abscissa.

Not exact matches

The difference between the mean estimated return and the mean actual return is +11.5 % per year, a significant overstatement of past performance.

The sample size was estimated on the basis of the difference between groups in the mean NPSC score.

For comparisons between 1995 and 2011 — 2012 intakes of nutrients, we used means, relative SEs (RSE), and 95 % CIs that were provided by the ABS (20, 21) and showed the difference in the point estimate between years by subtraction.

We also estimated relative indices of inequality (RII) and slope indices of inequality (SII) as summary measures of relative and absolute inequalities of breastfeeding outcomes, respectively, across the entire distribution of maternal education.24 For child IQ, linear regression analyses using GEEs were performed to estimate mean IQ differences in lower maternal education from the reference category in each intervention group and compared between the groups.

If you check out the study, you will see that the results of the sensitivity analysis did move some estimates that favored water birth to the null — which means that there was no difference between water birth and conventional delivery.

Estimated cognitive test mean score differences according to breastfeeding status at age 6 months are given in Table 5.

Articles were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) having been breastfed in infancy was compared with bottle (artificial) feeding, 2) systolic or diastolic blood pressure had been measured as an outcome, and 3) an estimate of the mean difference in blood pressure between breast - and bottle - fed groups could be extracted from the article.

The authors conducted a systematic review of published studies from which estimates of a mean difference (standard error) in blood pressure between breastfed and bottle - fed subjects could be derived.

The estimates for the 7 studies reporting exclusive feeding were more homogeneous (χ2 = 8, P = 0.23) than were the estimates from all 17 studies; the overall mean difference in total cholesterol from the 7 studies reporting exclusive feeding was stronger (mean difference: − 0.15 mmol / L; 95 % CI: 0.23, − 0.06 mmol / L; Figure 3) than that in the remaining 10 studies (14 388 subjects) that did not report exclusive feeding (mean difference: − 0.01 mmol / L; 95 % CI: − 0.06, 0.03 mmol / L; χ2 = 14, P = 0.12; test for difference between groups, P = 0.005).

In a sensitivity analysis, inclusion in the meta - analysis of the assumed zero estimates from the five studies (table 1) with no published mean differences attenuated the overall summary estimate for systolic blood pressure (mean difference: — 1.0 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.6; — 0.4; p = 0.002), but there was still strong evidence of an inverse association.

So the bottom line, according to the CTT estimates, is that for 5 percent of healthy people taking a statin, the drug means the difference between life and death, health or disability.

Point estimates of population parameters (e.g., mean, correlation coefficient, slope) or comparative measures (e.g., mean difference, odds ratio, hazard ratio) should be accompanied by a measure of uncertainty such as a standard error or a confidence interval.

The mean total cost difference is therefore estimated as the sum of the four mean annual cost components: inpatient and outpatient costs, primary care cost and cost of redeemed medication.

Curiously, the mean SEA estimate (2.4 ºC) is identical to the mean KEA number, but there is a big difference in what they concluded the mean temperature at the LGM was,....

To further examine whether psychophysiological interactions predicted behavioural performance, we additionally correlated the mean difference in beta estimates of each significant PPI cluster with participants» overall sensitivity in detecting grammatical violations.

The estimated difference between the present - day solar irradiance cycle mean and the Maunder Minimum is 0.08 % (see Section 2.7.1.2.2), which corresponds to a radiative forcing of about 0.2 W m — 2, which is substantially lower than estimates used in the TAR (Chapter 2).

In its most simple form, this technique could estimate simple mean differences using the following equation for outcome Y of student i in matched pair m:

@jakson it means that the 30k is withheld as an estimate, and when you file your taxes you will know exactly if it was over or under and then settle the difference

If the estimate is lower, the lender will loan only up to the lower amount — which means it's up to you to cover the difference.

They estimate premiums for these two risk measures as the difference in average (arithmetic mean) returns between the riskiest and least risky quintiles in excess of the Treasury bill (T - bill) yield.

When you're standing in your veterinarian's office with a $ 3,000 estimate in your hand, having pet health insurance can mean the difference between getting your pets the care they deserve and seeking a less expensive (and usually less effective) option.

The authors proposed that best - linear unbiased predictor - based estimated breeding values would be a preferred means of taking these environmental differences into account.

When differences in scaling between previous studies are accounted for, the various current and previous estimates of NH mean surface temperature are largely consistent within uncertainties, despite the differences in methodology and mix of proxy data back to approximately A.D. 1000... Conclusions are less definitive for the SH and globe, which we attribute to larger uncertainties arising from the sparser available proxy data in the SH.

As we only have one instrumental temperature trend, the difference between the two estimates for solar sensitivities means that a larger influence must be compensated by a smaller influence of the GHG / aerosol tandem, to fit the temperature trend in the past century...

I know the difference in meaning between the words «measure» and «estimate».

The mean and rms difference between buoy and remotely sensed flux estimates are quite low.

If, on the other hand, the differences between station means and station offsets show large variance because different stations have warmed differently between baseline and observation intervals, then the last term will greatly increase the estimated data variance.

The estimated variance of the data is thus the sum of the variance of the individual - station fluctuations, and the variance of the differences between station means and anomaly offsets.

An independent estimate of global - mean evaporation provides additional support, but critical assumptions on relative humidity and the air - sea temperature difference changes are made that do not have adequate observational basis and are inconsistent with climate models.»

You mean they weren't talking about the differences between satellite and surface temperature estimates?

Right panels show the predictability horizon for annual mean precipitation (above the dashed line), soil water averaged from the surface, and total water storage (below the dashed line), estimated from the 39 individual 10 member hindcast experiments (red) and the 1st order Markov model with 10,000 ensemble members (black circle) for the b the northern, d southern, and f these difference indices.

Aldrin's use of a uniform prior for ECS will have biased up his mean and 95 % / 97.5 % bound estimates for sensitivity, but probably doesn't make much difference to his aerosol forcing estimates.

If you know the standard - errors of the various data - point (i.e. global mean temperature) estimates, we can check if it's statistically significant via a difference in means test, while accounting for correlation in estimator distributions (it should be, unless NASA can't measure at all, which I sincerely doubt).

Secondly, the actual mean albedo is still not that well known — true, recent estimates are lower than the earlier numbers which most GCMs were tuned against, but I would be hesitiant in assuming that a 1 % change in global albedo will suddenly make a big difference in response.

Knowing where gun fire is coming from or being able to accurately estimate the position of your enemy based on the sound of their footsteps can mean the difference between life and death, winning and losing.

Bonferroni tests were applied to the estimated marginal means to provide pairwise comparisons between weight categories to determine which (if any) groups most influenced any significant overall differences found.

Post hoc analysis revealed two significant differences in between - group comparisons: patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls (estimated mean ± standard error; 30.05 ± 1.95 vs. 38.57 ± 2.22, corrected p = 0.040) and patients with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls (28.80 ± 1.78 vs. 38.57 ± 2.22, corrected p = 0.006)(Fig. 1).

This permitted direct tests of the trend - across - years differences between the groups, based on estimates of the mean change rates in the groups provided by the unstandardized slope parameters, bs.

An effect size refers to the difference in mean scores between 2 populations (eg, children referred with ADHD vs nonreferred children) divided by an estimate of the individual standard deviation.

A random - effect meta - analysis estimated pooled standard mean difference (SMD) for SD interventions on measures of externalising child behaviour.

If the estimate is lower, the lender will loan only up to the lower amount — which means it's up to you to cover the difference.