If we are to obtain an unbiased
estimate of the achievement levels of a state's adult workers, we can not simply calculate the test scores of students currently attending the state's schools.
Not exact matches
Along with University
of Munich professor Ludger Woessmann, I have
estimated the impact on U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
of higher
levels of student
achievement.
We ran a regression analysis to
estimate the relationship between states» absolute and relative poverty
levels and student
achievement, and the result was clear: absolute poverty is a powerful predictor
of achievement, while the relationship between relative poverty and test scores in the U.S. is weak and not statistically significant (see Figure 5).
For a better sense
of the magnitude
of these
estimates, consider a student who begins the year at the 50th percentile and is assigned to a top - quartile teacher as measured by the Overall Classroom Practices score; by the end
of the school year, that student, on average, will score about three percentile points higher in reading and about two points higher in math than a peer who began the year at the same
achievement level but was assigned to a bottom - quartile teacher.
In reading, by contrast, assignment to a
Level II or
Level III teacher was associated with a large and statistically significant increase in reading
achievement, while
estimates of the effects
of having a teacher from both
of the other two groups remained positive but statistically insignificant.
In his study, Hanushek calculated the economic value related to effective teaching by drawing on a research literature that provides precise
estimates of the impact
of students»
achievement levels on their lifetime earnings, and by combining these figures with
estimated impacts
of more - effective teachers on student
achievement.
But we can calculate more prosaic economic values related to effective teaching, by drawing on a research literature that provides surprisingly precise
estimates of the impact
of student
achievement levels on their lifetime earnings and by combining this with
estimated impacts
of more - effective teachers on student
achievement.
Shrinkage
of Value - Added
Estimates and Characteristics
of Students with Hard - to - Predict
Achievement Levels
Researchers used scores
of roughly 8 million students tested in fourth and eighth grades in math and reading / ELA in 47 states during the 2008 — 09 school year to
estimate state - and district -
level subject - specific
achievement gaps on each state's accountability tests.
The author
estimates measures
of value added for a subset
of elementary teachers and show that charter movers were less effective than other mobile teachers and colleagues within their sending schools, by 3 to 4 percent
of a student -
level standard deviation in
achievement.
Overview
of the Assessment Reporting the Assessment Results — Scale Scores and
Achievement Levels Description
of Reading Performance by Item Maps for Each Grade Results Are
Estimates NAEP Reporting Groups Exclusion Rates Statistical Significance Cautions in Interpretations
The Validation grants will provide four to eight projects with moderate
levels of evidence with up to $ 12 million awards, and the Scale - Up grants will provide an
estimated two proposals that demonstrate strong evidence
of improving student
achievement with up to $ 20 million awards.
In other words, if we follow sequential cohorts
of students from a grade
level in a school, we should hypothesize to see a drop in
achievement when a teacher with a very high value - added
estimate leaves the school (or a particular grade), and an increase in
achievement when a teacher with low value added leaves.
Different standardized
achievement tests, both purporting to measure reading, mathematics, or science at the same grade
level, will give different
estimates of teacher competency.
«Research has shown practically no relationship between the entering academic
achievement level for a class
of students and a teacher's subsequent value - added
estimate,» Kelli Gauthier, a spokesperson for the Tennessee Department
of Education, said.