Sentences with phrase «estimate the population average»

Extending a theoretical model of causal inference, I define, identify, and estimate the population average and the between - site variance of the direct and indirect effects.

Not exact matches

CE estimates that over the next decade, the state's population could grow only 2.2 percent, far below the national average.

For the population that leaves the workforce early because of diabetes - associated disability, we estimate that their average daily earnings would have been $ 166 per person (with the amount varying by demographic).

With today's lackluster jobs report, the Labor Department is now estimating that the economy added an average of 94,000 jobs per month in December and January, which is barely enough to keep up with population growth.

By evaluating the scale insect remains attached to each specimen, Youngsteadt estimated scale population density and compared it to the average August temperature for the year and place where the specimen was collected.

Transmissibility is generally estimated through the parameter known as the basic reproductive number, R0, which is the average number of secondary cases generated by one typically infectious individual in an otherwise susceptible population.

The participants were asked to estimate the distribution of annual household income for their social contacts and also for the entire US population — in one study, they estimated what percentage of people fell into each one of 11 income bands; in the other study, they estimated the average income of people within each income quintile.

The average estimate of the base rate of male homosexuality is around 4 percent of the general population.

Finally, they calculated the population's turnover rate to estimate an average density of 50 clams per square meter over the last millennium — a number that contrasts with fieldwork earlier this year that yielded just three clams per square meter, they report in the December issue of Geology.

Based on the pooled sample, researchers estimated average annual numbers and costs for the U.S. population.

These estimates are averaged across the entire population — not just smokers.

They also estimate that a population - wide 1 kg / m ² increase in average BMI (roughly an extra 3 to 4 kg, or 8 to 10 pounds, per adult), which would occur every 12 years or so based on recent trends, would result in an additional 3790 cases of these 10 cancers in the UK each year.

UK researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the Farr Institute of Health Informatics estimate that over 12,000 cases of these 10 cancers each year are attributable to being overweight or obese, and calculate that if average BMI in the population continues to increase, there could be over 3500 extra cancers every year as a result.

The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers found that men, blacks, and low - income populations had higher risk estimates from PM2.5 exposure compared with the national average, with blacks having mortality risks three times higher than the national average.

They used population averages to estimate sexual partnerships, needle sharing and other risk behaviors.

Researchers have estimated that during the last Ice Age, parts of Siberia may have had an average population density of sixty animals per hundred square kilometres - equivalent to African elephants today.

Any reforms to come from the process, starting next week, would affect about 62 percent of New York state's population, the proportion estimated to reside now in areas that could be hard hit as rising land and ocean temperatures raise average sea levels around the globe.

We estimated the neutral mutation parameter (4Neμ for autosomal loci and 3Neμ for X-linked loci), where Ne is the effective population size and μ is the mutation rate per site per generation, using two estimators: Watterson's θw [67], the proportion of segregating sites in a sample, and π [68], the average number of pairwise differences per sequence in a sample.

By analysing shared rare variants with hundreds of modern samples from Britain and Europe, we estimate that on average the contemporary East English population derives 38 % of its ancestry from Anglo - Saxon migrations.

We estimate that the modern - day East English population derives on average 38 % of its ancestry from Anglo - Saxon migrants.

Although the odds of getting certain cancers can be higher in certain populations — for example, those who smoke are approximately 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer as those who don't smoke — the ACS estimates that the average woman has a one in three chance of developing cancer and a one in five chance of dying from cancer.

This tool will give you a good estimate of how many calories you should consume daily but I've found that, sometimes, the numbers can be way too high for people outside of the average population which most of these calculations are based on.

The most recent Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study also revealed that the U.S. population has adequate dietary iodine, with estimated average daily iodine intake ranging from 138 to 353 micrograms per person (8).

This doesn't even take into account factors that may be depleting these nutrients at a higher rate (stress, chemical exposure, etc) and that the «Estimated Average Requirement» is the amount needed for only 50 % of the population to have adequate intake.

Those measurements were then used to estimate the average body mass index (BMI) of various segments of the population.

In making our estimates, we take into account differences between countries in their level of income, the average number of years students are in school, and population growth rates.

That cap, which is currently at 12.75 percent, represents the estimated prevalence rate of how many students, on average, are those with special needs as a proportion of the entire student population.

Some breeders feel that all dogs with unknown carrier risk should be assigned the average risk of the breeding population; i.e., if it is estimated that 12 % of the population are carriers, then anyone without computable risk will be assigned a risk of 12 %.

With 29 % of Welsh households owning at least one cat — higher than the UK average of 24 % - and an estimated UK feline population of 11.1 million *, Cats Protection hopes that cat owners will get behind the manifesto to call on key policy - makers to protect cats from abandonment, harm and neglect.

Because the American Community Survey pulls from a sample of 3 million households yearly and averaged over 5 years to attain estimates for each Census tract, Walker emphasizes that the map only represents estimates of immigrant population in the U.S. and is, therefore, subject to a margin of error.

Cities other than Kathmandu affected: In the 8 affected settlements with population greater than 60,000, the sum of the population is about 1.2 million, the average IMM = 8.5, the number of fatalities is estimated to have been 6,500.

General Consideration of Mortality: Using a typical number for average mortality is two percent and the aforementioned population, one would estimate 45,000 fatalities over all, which agrees with the above more accurate estimates.

Villages affected: In the 2,500 settlements with population less than 60,000 the sum of the population is about 24 million (population in all of Nepal is 31 million), the fatalities are estimated as about 41,000, which amounts to only about 16 fatalities per settlement, on average.

A station average is a sampled estimate of a population (places on earth) mean.

Across the 20 countries with the largest clean cooking access gaps representing 84 percent of the global population without access, annual finance committed averaged just $ 32 million, compared to the estimated annual investment need of at least $ 4.4 billion.

The rising food demand is not just a result of the global population growth [although the planet can expect (UN medium variant) an estimated 2.3 billion extra people in 2050 — as no one even mentions the possibility of policy on that front]-- but also of an increasingly decadent average food consumption pattern, in which (next to globalisation of food production) the rising consumption of animal protein plays a key role.

Tagged aerial survey, early breakup, endangered, invalid methods, later - than - average breakup, mark - recapture, polar bear, population estimate, Seth Stapleton, Southern Beaufort, Southern Hudson Bay, threatened, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapusk National Park, western hudson bay

Without this drastic USA cutback, IPCC estimates that we will reach 600 ppmv CO2 by 2100 (average of cases B1 and A1T, both assuming no special «climate initiatives», population growth rate slowing down reaching 10.5 billion by 2100, with medium and fast economic growth rate).

Marine fisheries have been estimated to support the livelihoods of 10 to 12 percent of the world's population and generate an average of $ 100 billion in revenue every year.

The Congressional Budget Office estimates that a 15 percent cut in emissions from a base year would raise annual average household energy costs by almost $ 1,300 (in 2006 «constant» dollars), or roughly 3 percent of income for the bottom four fifths of the population.

Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels: 2009), pp. 3, 56; Erik Shuster, Tracking New Coal - Fired Power Plants (Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory, January 2009); «Nuclear Dips in 2008,» World Nuclear News, 29 May 2009; 1 megawatt of installed wind capacity produces enough electricity to supply 300 homes from American Wind Energy Association, «U.S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone,» press release (Washington, DC: 14 August 2006); number of homes calculated using average U.S. household size from U.S. Census Bureau, «2005 — 2007 American Community Survey 3 - Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights,» at factfinder.census.gov / servlet / ACSSAFFFacts, viewed 9 April 2009, and population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & Country QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.

Annual and seasonal average temperatures are weighted using the shares of each region's land area within each grid cell; estimates of days above 95F and below 32F are weighted using the shares of each region's population within each grid cell.

Even when assuming population growth at the lowest end of the forecasts (scenario B), we estimate there to be more than one billion people in the LECZ globally by 2060 with an average population density of 405 people / km2.

27, no. 1300 (1 August 2008); 1 megawatt (MW) of installed wind capacity produces enough electricity to supply 300 homes from AWEA, «U.S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone,» press release (Washington, DC: 14 August 2006); average U.S. household size from U.S. Census Bureau, «2005 — 2007 American Community Survey 3 - Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights,» at factfinder.census.gov / servlet / ACSSAFFFacts, viewed 9 April 2009, with population from Census Bureau, op.

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Production, electronic database, at tonto.eia.doe.gov, updated 28 July 2008; American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), «Installed U.S. Wind Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.

These models pooled the repeated measures on each outcome at ages 18 to 21 years and 21 to 25 years to produce an estimate of the population - averaged effect of the level of depression at ages 17 to 18 years on the outcome after adjustment for covariates.

This model was fitted by using population - averaged Generalized Estimating Equation methods.

Some maltreated children likely remained in our comparison sample, given the prevalence rate of maltreatment in the general population.15 However, any bias introduced in our estimates would be toward zero if maltreated children in our comparison group had higher expenditures on average compared with nonmaltreated children.

This multilevel AR model enables researchers to estimate the average inertia in the population and to use observed person - level variables as predictors for the inertias, to see which person characteristics are related to regulatory weakness.

[25] By 2001 the Community Housing and Infrastructure Needs Survey (CHINS) estimated there were 991 discrete communities with a population of less than 100 people — with an average size of 20 people and a total number of 19,817 people.