Sentences with phrase «estimate warming for»

The solar wind bursts cause a warming of about 7 watts / m ^ 2 as compared to the incorrect estimated warming for a doubling of atmospheric CO2 of 3.7 watts / m ^ 2.

Not exact matches

Hyrdro Flask states that their containers can keep warm beverages warm for 6 hours; that's a conservative estimate based on my test, but theirs was probably more stringent.

While 118 results were available for targets in the range of 3.2 to 4.0 °C warming, there were only 6 estimates of the costs of keeping warming in the range of 2.0 to 2.4 °C.

He is the principal investigator for a mission called Oceans Melting Greenland (affectionately known as OMG), a five - year effort to assess the extent to which warmer oceans are melting Greenland's glaciers, and how this information can be used to better estimate global sea level rise.

They estimate that, across about 60 % of the global vegetated area, greening has buffered warming by about 14 %; for the remaining areas, which mostly include boreal zones, LAI trends have amplified the raise in air temperatures, leading to an additional warming of about 10 %.

In a recent study, for instance, well - respected climate models were shown to have completely opposing estimates for the overall effect of the clouds and smoke in the southeast Atlantic: Some found net warming, whereas others found cooling.

The researchers found that on windy nights it wasn't possible to measure the cooling effects of the green spaces beyond their boundaries as there was too much turbulent mixing of the air; but on calm warm nights they estimate that a network of green spaces of around 3 - 5 hectares each situated 100 - 150 m apart would provide comprehensive cooling for a city with a climate and characteristics similar to London.

That would narrow estimates of how much warming the world can expect for a given level of CO2 in the atmosphere.

By reconstructing past global warming and the carbon cycle on Earth 56 million years ago, researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute among others have used computer modelling to estimate the potential perspective for future global warming, which could be even warmer than previously thought.

In one study published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2007, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, estimated the mass redistribution resulting from ocean warming would shorten the day by 120 microseconds, or nearly one tenth of a millisecond, over the next two centuries.

Yohe estimates the cost of achieving a more modest goal of holding warming to roughly 2 degrees C at a cost of 0.5 to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product for the U.S. by 2050, thanks to the expense incurred by, for example, replacing existing coal - fired power plants with renewables or retrofitting them with carbon - capture technology.

Other researchers have used computer models to estimate what an event similar to a Maunder Minimum, if it were to occur in coming decades, might mean for our current climate, which is now rapidly warming.

The material on Amazon forest dieback was in the IPCC assessment as were the numbers on recent sea level (thought the IPCC did not use the information on recent contributions from land ice in their estimate for 21st century warming.)

On the contrary, preliminary modelling by Mark Flanner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, suggests that waste heat would cause large industrialised regions to warm by between 0.4 °C and 0.9 °C by 2100, in agreement with Chaisson's estimates (Geophysical Research Letters, vol 36, p L02801).

Scientists estimate the pollutant was responsible for half the warming in the Arctic since 1890, and could be warming the globe with more than half the so - called «forcing» that carbon dioxide does.

Thus, although poor station quality might affect absolute temperature, it does not appear to affect trends, and for global warming estimates, the trend is what is important

Including the elevation effects in the model increases the estimated sea - level rise by a small but significant amount (5 % enhancement of melt by 2100 and 10 % by 2200 for a climate warming scenario).

The authors estimate that if globe - warming emission continue unabated, fuel capacities and payload weights will have to be reduced by as much as 4 percent on the hottest days for some aircraft.

Complementary analyses of the surface mass balance of Greenland (Tedesco et al, 2011) also show that 2010 was a record year for melt area extent... Extrapolating these melt rates forward to 2050, «the cumulative loss could raise sea level by 15 cm by 2050 ″ for a total of 32 cm (adding in 8 cm from glacial ice caps and 9 cm from thermal expansion)- a number very close to the best estimate of Vermeer & Rahmstorf (2009), derived by linking the observed rate of sea level rise to the observed warming.

Understanding how layers of air insulate the surface of glaciers, for example, is vital to making accurate estimates of how fast they will melt — and sea levels will rise — as the Earth warms under its blanket of greenhouse gases.

The new numbers will be used in models created by economists, environmentalists, and governments who use population estimates to predict pollution and global warming levels; prepare for epidemics; determine road, school, and other infrastructure requirements; and forecast worldwide economic trends.

The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) estimates that every degree Celsius of warming in global average temperatures means a 5 to 15 percent drop in yield, particularly for corn, in North America.

Thus, one could argue that the HadCRUT 3V represents the lower estimate, if a warming could be defined for such a short interval.

Co-author Dr Eleanor Burke, from the Met Office Hadley Centre, said: «The advantage of our approach is that permafrost loss can be estimated for any policy - relevant global warming scenario.

Velders says his team came up with higher warming estimates than IPCC because their model accounts for trends that others don't, such as the faster - than expected adoption of HFCs driven by the Montreal Protocol, and an air - conditioning boom in the developing world.

The range (due to different data sets) of global surface warming since 1979 is 0.16 °C to 0.18 °C per decade compared to 0.12 °C to 0.19 °C per decade for MSU estimates of tropospheric temperatures.

Therefore studies based on observed warming have underestimated climate sensitivity as they did not account for the greater response to aerosol forcing, and multiple lines of evidence are now consistent in showing that climate sensitivity is in fact very unlikely to be at the low end of the range in recent estimates.

«Some feedback loop or other processes that aren't accounted for in these models — the same ones used by the IPCC for current best estimates of 21st Century warming — caused a substantial portion of the warming that occurred during the PETM (Palaeocene - Eocene thermal maximum of 55 million years ago)», oceanographer Gerald Dickens, a professor of Earth science at Rice University and study co-author said.

The kinder, gentler model from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research in the United Kingdom estimated a wetter, warmer future: Rainfall may increase 20 percent to 25 percent, mean annual temperatures could increase 2 degrees Fahrenheit by 2030 and 4 degrees by 2100.

Quoting the IPCC 1.4 to 5.8 Â °C estimate (for doubling CO2) outside current agreements among models that the uncertainty is most likely in the 2.5 to 4Â °C range or failing to point out that discrepancies (used by skeptics) between surface and troposphere warming have been resolved, is misleading in my view.

There are very different estimates for the increase in northern fires as the planet warms.

For example, Sturrock et al. (2011) estimate that a) Dothistroma needle blight (Dothistroma septosporum or D. pini), whose primary host in Montana is ponderosa pine, will have reduced or increased impacts, depending on warmer and drier or wetter conditions, respectively; and b) Armillaria root disease (Armillaria spp.), which generally affects Douglas - fir and grand fir, will have increased impacts under warmer, drier conditions, but no change under warmer, wetter conditions.

«My fieldwork with the support of the InBev - Baillet Latour Fellowship will shed light on which processes are responsible for this ice shelf breakup, thereby improving the estimates how, when and where East Antarctica is most vulnerable to global warming.»

Global mean temperature for the period January to September 2017 was 0.47 ° ± 0.08 °C warmer than the 1981 - 2010 average (estimated at 14.31 °C).

For example, the harlequin frog, golden toad, and an estimated two - thirds of the 110 or so other brightly - colored toad species once plentiful in the mountains of Costa Rica have vanished, with a pathogen outbreak tied to global warming believed to be a key factor in their extinction.

Leung emphasized the estimate's conservativeness, noting that the climate projections of warming devised by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Center for Atmospheric Research are on the low end compared to most other models.

In the end, Archibald concludes that the warming from the next 40 ppm of CO2 rise (never mind the rest of it) will only be 0.04 degrees C. Archibald's low - ball estimate of climate change comes not from the modtran model my server ran for him, but from his own low - ball value of the climate sensitivity.

In a 2008 presentation, Dunn stated «I assert that warm is good for human health and that global warming, even the most extreme estimates, will not create heat illness or death increases and certainly no changes that are more important than the basic public health measures of vector control, water, nutrition, sewage and water quality, and housing quality.»

The headline number (2.3 ºC) is a little lower than IPCC's «best estimate» of 3ºC global warming for a doubling of CO2, but within the likely range (2 - 4.5 ºC) of the last IPCC report.

If we thus want to know whether Harvey is a «harbinger» for the future of Houston, the attribution question addressing the overall likelihood of a hurricane like Harvey to occur, which includes many variables other than temperature and sea level rise that interact, needs to be answered by carefully estimating the likelihood of such hurricanes developing in a warming world as well as how much rain they bring.

For the U.S., the rise in heat - trapping gases in the atmosphere has increased the probability of record - breaking temperatures 15 - fold.21 In Europe, global warming is now responsible for an estimated 29 % of the new record highs set each yearFor the U.S., the rise in heat - trapping gases in the atmosphere has increased the probability of record - breaking temperatures 15 - fold.21 In Europe, global warming is now responsible for an estimated 29 % of the new record highs set each yearfor an estimated 29 % of the new record highs set each year.22

Indeed, if one accepts a very liberal risk level of 50 % for mean global warming of 2 °C (the guiderail widely adopted) since the start of the industrial age, then under midrange IPCC climate sensitivity estimates, then we have around 30 years before the risk level is exceeded.

CO2 is a GHG and plays a role in warming, and as for the greenhouse effect of 30 odd deg C, estimates made by Gavin here on Real Climate are probably spot on.

«My fieldwork with the support of the InBev - Baillet Latour Fellowship will shed light on which processes are responsible for this ice shelf breakup, thereby improving the estimates how, when and where East Antarctica is most vulnerable to global warming» said Lenaerts.

Early estimates for dangerous global warming based on the «burning embers» approach [1], [19]--[20] have been recognized as probably being too conservative [77].

At present, however, there is no accepted tool or technique for confidently estimating how much of the warming in the past 38 + years might be due to natural causes.

Do this by beginning each exercise with two warm - ups of lighter weight for 2 - 5 reps and then estimate the weight you can most likely do for two reps of that exercise.

So, while most research erroneously estimated the Inuits» caloric intake on Western intakes of ~ 2,000 - 2,500 calories per day, Sinclair showed that 2,500 calories was too low for the Inuit who needed to keep warm in Arctic temperatures.

The cat - carried parasite can infect any warm - blooded species, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates more than 60 million people in the U.S. may have it.

Adolph Gottlieb's Burst # 3 from 1967 (Lot 536) should be sold for $ 1,400,000 — $ 1,800,000, Alexander Calder's Untitled (Demi Cône) from 1972 (Lot 513) for $ 1,250,000 — $ 1,800,000, while Kenneth Noland's A Warm Sound In A Gray Field from 1961 (Lot 505) and Joan Mitchell's Magnolia from 1978 (Lot 553) are both estimated at $ 1,200,000 — $ 1,800,000.