Sentences with phrase «estimated significance levels»

Further uncertainties in the estimated significance levels arise from the use of model internal variability simulations and relatively short instrumental observations (after subtraction of an estimated greenhouse gas signal) to estimate the natural climate variability.

Not exact matches

Overview of the Assessment Reporting the Assessment Results — Scale Scores and Achievement Levels Description of Reading Performance by Item Maps for Each Grade Results Are Estimates NAEP Reporting Groups Exclusion Rates Statistical Significance Cautions in Interpretations

Choosing lower and upper limits that encompass the range of these results and deflating significance levels in order to account for structural uncertainty in the estimate leads to the conclusion that it is very unlikely that TCR is less than 1 °C and very unlikely that TCR is greater than 3.5 °C.

With the availability of about 40 observed independent events, one could provide a crude estimate the probability of each conditional outcome and with the availability of another 40 observed independent events, one might be able to demonstrate a modest level of statistical significance for predictions that were based upon the estimated probability values.

The very high significance levels of model — observation discrepancies in LT and MT trends that were obtained in some studies (e.g., Douglass et al., 2008; McKitrick et al., 2010) thus arose to a substantial degree from using the standard error of the model ensemble mean as a measure of uncertainty, instead of the ensemble standard deviation or some other appropriate measure for uncertainty arising from internal climate variability... Nevertheless, almost all model ensemble members show a warming trend in both LT and MT larger than observational estimates (McKitrick et al., 2010; Po - Chedley and Fu, 2012; Santer et al., 2013).

For example, chapter ten, «Ice melts, sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates of sea level rise in the present century, estimates of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence of past oceanic high - water marks and glacial extents, the dynamics of ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.»

We estimated that a sample size of 28 in each group would have 80 % power to detect a difference of 1.2 or more between the groups in the change (before and after treatment) of the number of positive symptoms, with a common SD of 1.5 and the conventional 5 % significance level.

The required sample size of 60 patients was estimated with the assumption of (a) clinically significant improvement in 20 % of the patients who received medical care13 and 60 % who also received cognitive behaviour therapy, 10 (b) a low drop out rate, and (c) a significance level of 5 % and a power of 80 %.

Based on this more conservative 33 % target reduction in the numbers of self harm episodes between developmental group psychotherapy intervention and control, 312 cases (a 370 target allowing for 15 % case attrition) were estimated to be necessary to achieve 80 % power to detect this difference at the 5 % level of significance with a Mann - Whitney (two sided) test for categorical data.