Sentences with phrase «estimated spatial changes»

Not exact matches

Modelers now are comparing not just hemispheric mean series, but the actual spatial patterns of estimated and observed climate changes in past centuries.

Modelers of course do not compare just hemispheric mean series, but the actual spatial patterns of estimated and observed climate changes in past centuries.

See e.g. this review paper (Schmidt et al, 2004), where the response of a climate model to estimated past changes in natural forcing due to solar irradiance variations and explosive volcanic eruptions, is shown to match the spatial pattern of reconstructed temperature changes during the «Little Ice Age» (which includes enhanced cooling in certain regions such as Europe).

Taking this into account will lead to large changes in estimates of the magnitude and spatial distribution of aerosol forcing.

In order to estimate globally averaged temperature changes with a high degree of accuracy, it is necessary to have a broad spatial distribution of observations that are made with high precision.break

NW and Ken, a short answer is that the investigators need to combine evidence of tree - line fluctuations with estimate of past temperature changes to model the spatial extent of the upper treeline zone in order to avoid this problem (by ensuring that only material that was within this zone at any given time is used).

When it comes to TCR / ECS - estimates, RF - only estimates are pointless as the surface temperature response might well exhibit an entirely different spatial response (with inevitable changes in the resulting ECS, ususally expressed in terms of AF or RF - efficacy) as demonstrated in Jones et al..

Additionally, such an observing system, by measuring the temporal and spatial variability of the AMOC for approximately a decade, would provide essential ground truth to AMOC model estimates and would also yield insight into whether AMOC changes or other atmospheric / oceanic variability have the dominant impact on interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability.

However, the analysis was designed to minimize such errors, as the spatial correlation estimates are not sensitive to the absolute value but the changes in the spatial structure.

These range from simple averaging of regional data and scaling of the resulting series so that its mean and standard deviation match those of the observed record over some period of overlap (Jones et al., 1998; Crowley and Lowery, 2000), to complex climate field reconstruction, where large - scale modes of spatial climate variability are linked to patterns of variability in the proxy network via a multivariate transfer function that explicitly provides estimates of the spatio - temporal changes in past temperatures, and from which large - scale average temperature changes are derived by averaging the climate estimates across the required region (Mann et al., 1998; Rutherford et al., 2003, 2005).