Sentences with phrase «estimated warming during»

Not exact matches

To be safe, estimate on using twice as much charcoal as you would during the warmer months.

In general, the number of kids with unintentional injuries increases during the warmer months and an estimated 5,000 children are hospitalized due to unintentional drowning - related incidents each year.

Schmidt's rough estimate, which he posted on Twitter, is based on the extraordinary and unprecedented warming over the past 12 months, during which time global surface temperatures have shot past the 1 °C above pre-industrial level.

Previous estimates suggested that peak temperatures during the warmest interglacial periods — which occurred at around 125,000, 240,000 and 340,000 years ago — were about three degrees higher than they are today.

By studying the relationship between CO2 levels and climate change during a warmer period in Earth's history, the scientists have been able to estimate how the climate will respond to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, a parameter known as «climate sensitivity».

Abstract — James L. Crowley — 12 November 2010 Effects of Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene - Eocene Boundary on Neotropical Vegetation Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3 ° to 5 °C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago)......... eastern Colombia and western Venezuela.

al. — May 2013 Global Warming and Neotropical Rainforests: A Historical Perspective... Our compilation of 5,998 empirical estimates of temperature over the past 120 Ma indicates that tropics have warmed as much as 7 °C during both the mid-Cretaceous and the Paleogene.....

«Some feedback loop or other processes that aren't accounted for in these models — the same ones used by the IPCC for current best estimates of 21st Century warming — caused a substantial portion of the warming that occurred during the PETM (Palaeocene - Eocene thermal maximum of 55 million years ago)», oceanographer Gerald Dickens, a professor of Earth science at Rice University and study co-author said.

We are now working to go beyond GSL estimates, to the budgeting of ice loss during the LIG and earlier warm periods.

It is estimated that more than 10,000 of these whales migrate to the Hawaiian Islands each year during the winter, in search of a warmer climate.

By contrast, the actual SLR estimate during that same interval is relatively flat, suggesting that temperatures were not as warm as indicated by the temperature reconstruction.

What is the basis that makes the suggestion that the temperatures were not as warm as indicated during AD500 - 1000 more valid than perhaps the M08 reconstruction suggesting that the SLR estimate instead is incorrect?

The actual prevailing view of the paleoclimate research community that emerged during the early 1990s, when long - term proxy data became more widely available and it was possible to synthesize them into estimates of large - scale temperature changes in past centuries, was that the average temperature over the Northern Hemisphere varied by significantly less than 1 degree C in previous centuries (i.e., the variations in past centuries were small compared to the observed 20th century warming).

Extrapolating from their forest study, the researchers estimate that over this century the warming induced from global soil loss, at the rate they monitored, will be «equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning and is comparable in magnitude to the cumulative carbon losses to the atmosphere due to human - driven land use change during the past two centuries.»

This is of some concern (hence the recent interest in this topic) since estimates for the global mean temperature during the Eemian suggest that it was only 1 - 2 ºC warmer than the present.

Using the business - as - usual scenario for GHG radiative forcing (RCP8.5) and their novel estimate of Earth's warm - phase climate sensitivity the authors find that the resulting warming during the 21st century overlaps with the upper range of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate simulations.

They compared estimated emissions for shale gas, conventional gas, coal (surface - mined and deep - mined) and diesel oil, taking into account direct emissions of CO2 during combustion, indirect emissions of CO2 necessary to develop and use the energy source and methane emissions, which were converted to equivalent value of CO2 for global warming potential.

During the warming period from 1880 to 1938, it's estimated that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide — the bugbear of greenhouse gases to global warming worriers — increased by an estimated 20 parts per million.

Ocean warming: «Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records» «Tracking ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus» «A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change» «Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006»

[36][37] Estimates vary for when the last time the Arctic was ice free: 65 million years ago when fossils indicate that plants existed there to as few as 5,500 years ago; ice and ocean cores going back 8000 years to the last warm period or 125,000 during the last intraglacial period.

The new analysis reveals that global trends in recent decades are higher than reported in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and the central estimate for the rate of warming during the first 15 years of the 21st century is at least as great as the last half of the 20th century.

«Assessing recent warming using instrumentally homogeneous sea surface temperature records» «Tracking ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus» «A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change» «Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006»

Accelerated warming during the late 1990s has raised the estimated warming to 0.40 — 0.8 °C in the past 100 years.

Most people, including myself and Spencer, estimate the («global») warming during the past 38 years at about 0,14 degrees C per decade.

During the past 60 years, solar behavior has shown no clear trend, and so its contribution to warming since 1950 is estimated as minimal by most observers, with some dissenting views.

Although there has been a slower rate of atmospheric warming during the past 18 years, this does not undermine the fundamental physics of global warming, the scientific basis of climate models or the estimates of climate sensitivity.

«Estimated to be at least 740,000 years old, the wedges of Canadian ice illustrate the longevity and resiliency of deeper permafrost during warmer climates of the past, they say.»

During the Ocean Iron Fertilization meeting Dr. Hauke Kite - Powell, of the Marine Policy Center at WHOI, estimated the possible future value of ocean fertilization at $ 100 billion of the emerging international carbon trading market, which has the goal of mitigating global warming.

«stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30 % as compared to estimates neglecting this change.

The heat lost by each warm anomaly as it passes eastwards must in part be lost into the bulk of the Atlantic water mass below, but there is good evidence also of significant upward heat flux during transit along the slope: despite microstructure observations that suggest that mixing is very weak across the Arctic halocline, heat budget estimates nevertheless yield significant vertical fluxes.

Current rates of warming could be amplified by release of an estimated 130 - 160 billion tons of carbon from thawing permafrost during this century.

This discrepancy is almost as large as the 0.8 °C estimated global warming during the 20th century.

Also the university press release makes no estimates whatsoever about the actual temperature during the medieval warm period, only that it was «warm and dry.»

They conclude, in the journal Science, that the «estimate for the rate of warming during the first 15 years of the 21st century is at least as great as the last half of the 20th century.

Our estimated sea levels have reached +5 to 10 m above the present sea level during recent interglacial periods that were barely warmer than the Holocene, whereas the ice sheet model yields maxima at most approximately 1 m above the current sea level.

Somewhat related, Snyder estimates the global average temperature during the previous interglacial (Eemian) to be warmer than now, whereas e.g. Hansen et al (2016, under review) argue that they are similarly warm.

Despite the stability of those ice sheets in the Holocene, there is evidence that sea level was much more variable during the Eemian, when we estimate the peak global temperature was only +1.0 °C warmer than in the first decade of the twenty - first century.

These estimates are critical, as climate sensitivity will be one of the main factors determining how much warming the world experiences during the 21st century.

As the first figure above shows, the IPCC estimates the temperature influence of internal variability since 1950 at ± 0.1 °C, during which time we've seen about 0.65 °C global surface warming.

Taken together, the average of the warmest times during the middle Pliocene presents a view of the equilibrium state of a globally warmer world, in which atmospheric CO2 concentrations (estimated to be between 360 to 400 ppm) were likely higher than pre-industrial values (Raymo and Rau, 1992; Raymo et al., 1996), and in which geologic evidence and isotopes agree that sea level was at least 15 to 25 m above modern levels (Dowsett and Cronin, 1990; Shackleton et al., 1995), with correspondingly reduced ice sheets and lower continental aridity (Guo et al., 2004).

This is the frequently cited extra forcing estimated at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and this is where some of the assumptions made above don't quite hold (the picture is correct for a planet in equilibrium, but during a transition the planet is no longer in an equilibrium) and extra energy is taken up by warming of the oceans and surface.

Our independent proxy estimates indicate that Arctic temperatures during the Pliocene were considerably warmer than previous estimates derived from empirical proxies (Ballantyne et al., 2006; Elias and Matthews, 2002) and climate model simulations (Haywood et al., 2009), despite estimates of Pliocene atmospheric CO2 levels that are comparable to today (Pagani et al., 2010).

Refined paleotemperature estimates from the annual growth rings and δ18O of cellulose in fossil wood also showed considerably warmer TSTs in the Arctic during the Pliocene, yielding a MAT of — 0.5 ± 1.9 °C and a ΔMAT of ∼ 19 °C (Table 1).

According to our temperature estimates, the Arctic was ∼ 19 °C warmer during the Pliocene than today, whereas Antarctica was only ∼ 13 °C warmer (see Fig. 3B; Table DR2 in the Data Repository), resulting in an «Arctic tail» in the latitudinal temperature distribution (Fig. 3B).

Each group of SMEs would produce a simple empirical chart for their fault tree block estimating how much energy was added or lost during a specific year within the modern warming, ideally based upon direct measurement and historical observation.

This more robust temperature estimate suggests that Arctic temperatures were remarkably warmer during the Pliocene (Fig. 2).

Nonetheless, the agreement among these estimates indicates significant Arctic warming during the Pliocene.

Furthermore, these two independent proxies effectively yield the same temperature estimate (Table 1), providing greater confidence in our estimates of appreciably warmer temperatures in the Arctic during the Pliocene.

Comparing computer simulations with reconstructed ocean warming and sediment dissolution during the event, we could narrow our estimate of CO2 release during the event to 7,000 — 10,000 GtC.

«Indeed it is estimated that annual mean temperature has increased by over 2 °C during the last 70 years and precipitation has decreased in most regions, except the western part of the country, indicating that Mongolia is among the most vulnerable nations in the world to global warming.»