We can make good
estimates of global temperature so can estimate planck radiation (on global level), good estimates of albedo from ice extent, reasonable estimates of evaporation and convection from temperature contraints, now try closing that surface budget with GHG.
Not exact matches
Item 8 could be confusing in having
so many messages: «It is extremely likely that more than half
of the observed increase in
global average surface
temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas... The best
estimate of the human - induced contribution to warming is similar to the observed warming over this period....
So my question is: are there any other papers I should look at for a realistic
estimate of the sensitivity
of global temperature to the solar cycle?
The
estimated range
of the impact
of Mount Pinatubo on
Global Temperatures varies from 0.2 to 0.5 deg C, depending on the study,
so we'll use approximately 0.35 deg C to account for its effect.
In recent decades, a number
of groups have tried combining sets
of these proxy records together to construct long - term
estimates of global temperature change over the last millennium or
so.
So, they didn't actually simulate sea level changes, but instead
estimated how much sea level rise they would expect from man - made
global warming, and then used computer model predictions
of temperature changes, to predict that sea levels will have risen by 0.8 - 2 metres by 2100.
For about 200
of the urban stations, they do not have enough rural neighbours for their computer program to work, and
so these unadjusted urban stations are not included in their
global temperature estimates.
JimD, BTW, I was curious how much impact the isolation
of the Antarctic had on
global temperatures based on the normal radiant balance,
so i did some quick
estimates using the Meridional energy flux based on the satellite based SST OI v2 data.
The problem with under - coverage
of polar and remote regions for representation on
global surface
temperature estimates even
so late as today is a shameful comment on how little commitment to understanding our world better those with resources have.
The WMO's preliminary
estimate, based on data from January to October, shows that the
global average surface
temperature for 2015
so far is around 0.73 °C above the 1961 - 1990 average
of 14 °C, and approximately 1 °C above the pre-industrial 1880 - 1899 period.
HadCRUT3 doesn't sample the Arctic at all well,
so it probably has a cold bias if you consider it as an
estimate of global temperature.
So solar, volcanic activity, ENSO / AMO etc. are independent
of TCR and any measurement
of TCR would presumably have accounted for their (presumed
estimated) effect upon
global temperatures.
To do
so, we compile information on anthropogenic and natural drivers
of global surface
temperature, use these data to
estimate the statistical model through 1998, and use the model to simulate
global surface
temperature between 1999 and 2008.
We study climate sensitivity and feedback processes in three independent ways: (1) by using a three dimensional (3 - D)
global climate model for experiments in which solar irradiance
So is increased 2 percent or CO2 is doubled, (2) by using the CLIMAP climate boundary conditions to analyze the contributions
of different physical processes to the cooling
of the last ice age (18K years ago), and (3) by using
estimated changes in
global temperature and the abundance
of atmospheric greenhouse gases to deduce an empirical climate sensitivity for the period 1850 - 1980.
These proxies,
of course, are an indirect method
of trying to
estimate global temperature,
so it's not clear exactly how reliable they are.
`... over the 100 years since 1870 the successive five year values
of average
temperatures in England have been highly significantly correlated with the best
estimates of the averages for the whole Northern Hemisphere and for the whole earth» (In this last comment he is no doubt referring to his work at CRU where
global surface records back to 1860 or
so were eventually gathered) he continued; «they probably mean that over the last three centuries the CET
temperatures provide a reasonable indication
of the tendency
of the
global climatic regime.»
So I
estimate that if we followed IEO2011 / RCP8.5 out to 2035, and then stabilized our forcing, we would eventually arrive at an average
global temperature increase
of 2.4 ºC.