Sentences with phrase «estimating effects of sugar»

This study does not show that consuming sugar - sweetened beverages causes chronic diseases and the authors themselves acknowledge that they are at best estimating effects of sugar - sweetened beverage consumption.

The American Beverage Association dismissed the study in a statement, saying it did «not show that consuming sugar - sweetened beverages causes chronic diseases and the authors themselves acknowledge that they are at best estimating effects of sugar - sweetened beverage consumption.»

We chose to model the effects on body weight because good evidence (from both trials and epidemiological studies) links regular consumption of sugar sweetened drinks to weight gain.8 10 12 Moreover, data from longitudinal studies support the idea that changes in the price of sugar sweetened drinks are linked to changes in body weight.20 Other groups have used this form of modelling to estimate the effects of a sugar sweetened drink tax on obesity.18 21 22

Morgan Stanley Research estimated the effect of sugar on diseases and its influence on economic growth.

Not exact matches

Although sales taxes on soft drinks in Ireland and France have both been associated with a reduction in consumption, the health effects have not been studied.15 16 No significant effect on obesity of US state sales taxes has been found, although the level of taxation there has probably been too low to affect health.13 17 The modelled estimates of the health effect of a 20 % sugar sweetened drink tax in the United States vary, but such a tax has been predicted to reduce obesity by up to three percentage points.13 18 The effect of a sugar sweetened drink tax in the UK has not, until now, been formally estimated.

Whereas estimates from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and Living Costs and Food Survey are broadly comparable (123 mL / adult / day versus 168 mL / person / day), the British Soft Drinks Association's figures are threefold to fourfold higher.48 61 The level and pattern of consumption will determine the magnitude of the public health effects of a sugar sweetened drinks tax, as well as its effect on health inequalities.

In terms of own price elasticity values, a recent meta - analysis estimated an average own price effect for carbonated sugar sweetened drinks (a near equivalent of the category non-concentrated sugar sweetened drinks, which predominantly includes carbonated drinks) of − 0.93, larger than our value of − 0.81.51 Our estimated value is also at the lower end of the range of own price elasticities frequently cited for sugar sweetened drinks of − 0.8 to − 1.0, based on one large review.52 Our own price estimate is comparable to experimental data (a 25 % reduction for a 35 % price rise) in a canteen study.53 However, all these estimates may be influenced by US studies in which higher estimates may reflect higher levels of consumption.

In terms of effect on consumption, Ng et al estimated a reduction in sugar sweetened drink intake of 104 mL (10 %) per person per week compared with our predicted reduction of around 15 %.19 The substitution effects predicted in Ng et al's study are very slight, and as a result the predicted change in energy intake is larger (net decrease of 24 kJ / person / day compared with our estimate of 17 kJ / person / day).

The lower levels of baseline sugar sweetened drink consumption in the UK compared with the US may in part explain why the effect on obesity that we estimate in the UK is much less than that estimated in the US.12 The differences with respect to other modelling studies may also be partly explained by their use of higher own price elasticity values for sugar sweetened drinks than we have calculated and used here.18 22 52 We can not make direct comparisons between the results of our study and the results of recent studies of the effect of reducing sugar sweetened drink consumption on body weight in children, 5 7 as the relation between energy balance and change in body mass index in children who are growing is different from that in adults.

In terms of substitution effects, the major difference between our estimates and those from the US is that our data indicate that diet soft drinks are a substitute for sugar sweetened drinks, whereas US data suggest that diet soft drinks are a complement (as the price of sugar sweetened drinks goes up, consumption of diet drinks goes down).18 22 This may explain why a US tax on sugar sweetened drinks has been so heavily resisted, as a «double whammy» on sales of both diet soft drinks and sugar sweetened drinks would occur.18.

Glycemic load scores provide an even more accurate estimate of the effect of a food on blood sugar levels because they take into account not only the glycemic index, but also the portion size of the food.

ESTIMATED GLYCEMIC LOAD ™ Glycemic load is a way of expressing a food or meal's effect on blood - sugar levels.

Nutrition facts and Information for Spinach, raw ESTIMATED GLYCEMIC LOAD ™ Glycemic load is a way of expressing a food or meal's effect on blood - sugar self - employed - Translation to Spanish, pronunciation, and forum discussions