For instance, Congress is currently subsidizing corn - based
ethanol at 50 cents a gallon — and you can argue that's good agricultural policy, but you can't argue that it's good for consumers or the environment.
«This lack of parity puts imported
ethanol at a competitive disadvantage against imported oil,» the letter states.
Blending
ethanol at the pump is becoming popular, because many people have discovered the MPG sweet spot of their particular engine.
Furthermore, by leaving 35 % water in
the ethanol at the refinery, up to 60 % of the cost to distill it is saved.
Blending in
ethanol at greater than 10 percent can cause problems with engine materials breaking down and the operation of emission - control systems, according to the American Petroleum Institute.
SunOpta's patented pretreatment and hydrolysis technology will prep and convert sugar cane bagasse and possibly hard wood waste to
ethanol at a plant in Jennings, Louisiana.
Further, Bolsen reported that Coskata has licensed a variety of anaerobic bacterial strains capable of converting both CO and H2, and has patents pending for its bioreactor designs, which are scalable and capable of carrying out fermentation or converting syngas to
ethanol at low - to - moderate pressures and low temperatures.
The company believes it will reduce, by $ 50 to $ 100 million, the capital expense for cellulosic
ethanol at scale, and dramatically lower the operating costs.
However, we only have about 10 years until the Renewable Fuel Standard ceases increasing, and we have yet to produce any cellulosic
ethanol at all.
Right now we're taxing sugar - based
ethanol at 54 cents per gallon while we are subsidizing corn - based
ethanol at 45 cents per gallon, even though sugar - based ethanol is cheaper and producing it generates less carbon dioxide.
These strains of yeast have the ability to grow anaerobically on xylose at rates equivalent to those on glucose, to consume > 95 percent of the xylose present, even under toxic conditions, and to ferment this xylose to
ethanol at high yield.
In brief, dissected corneas were slide mounted and fixed in
ethanol at -20 °C for 20 min.
«One of the most important concerns with regard to the integrity of pipelines and tanks is the propensity of
ethanol at concentrations above 20 volume percent in gasoline to cause cracking of steel,» explains Narasi Sridhar, vice president, director of the materials program at Det Norske Veritas.
The price of pure
ethanol at the pump is so high that in most states it is cheaper to fill up flexible - fuel cars with petrol blends that contain about 20 % ethanol.
«As the waste material is introduced you can produce your gas from the gasifier within an hour and you'll start getting
ethanol at six hours.
Above: Rubber hoses pipe liquid
ethanol at — 40 °C into cuffs that surround the frozen brain, keeping it precisely chilled.
New machinery developed by Biorefining Inc. in Minnesota precisely breaks kernels into their constituent elements, which may convert more of the starch into
ethanol at a lower cost, while also freeing up more of the valuable coproducts like corn oil.
Tinctures are made by soaking chopped, puréed, or gently bruised roots, leaves, and herbs in a combination of high - proof alcohol (frequently
ethanol at a manufacturer level) and water.
Not exact matches
There are an estimated 65,000 of the older cars, known as DOT - 111s, currently hauling oil or
ethanol in a largely integrated North American fleet — up to a third of which are being used in Canada
at any given time.
Even with the tariff, U.S.
ethanol exports hit a record high in February, thanks largely to rising Brazilian demand as higher gasoline prices and low international sugar prices made
ethanol more competitive
at the pump.
A U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) report said the Japanese policy change could create a market opportunity for U.S.
ethanol producers of 366 million liters, valued
at around $ 170 million.
«Many factories are celebrating their ten - year anniversaries,» says Emily Skor, the CEO of Growth Energy, an organization that represents producers and supporters of
ethanol, «and if you look
at the risks they took the ups and downs and peaks and valleys they went through... it's really remarkable.
I'm old enough to remember when
ethanol blends first began to appear
at gas stations.
Clayton explains that small - to - medium size farmers «want the EPA off their backs, regulatory-wise» and
at the same time don't want to see changes in terms of
ethanol.
«The study says it will be very hard to make a biofuel that has a better greenhouse gas impact than gasoline using corn residue,» which puts it in the same boat as corn - based
ethanol, said David Tilman, a professor
at the University of Minnesota who has done research on biofuels» emissions from the farm to the tailpipe.
A U.S. Department of Agriculture report said the Japanese policy change could create a market opportunity for U.S.
ethanol producers of 366 million liters, valued
at around $ 170 million.
A 5 percent
ethanol solution was no more effective than water
at cutting the burn.
In another stroke of luck, New York dairy farmers have been well - positioned in recent years because they tend to grow much of their own feed corn, putting them
at a competitive advantage over their larger California competitors: West Coast dairies are struggling with the high price of corn brought on by international demand, drought conditions and
ethanol subsidies.
A strategic decision was made
at the time by the government to switch to
ethanol production in order to fuel the Brazilian fleet.
Ethanol and biodiesel can both be used in bio-jet fuel, but the technologies to convert plant - derived oil to jet fuel are
at an advanced stage of development, yield high energy efficiency and are ready for large - scale deployment.
«It's really easy to make by «drying»
ethanol with sulfuric acid,» notes Gee, cautioning that making it is best left to dragons and scientists — don't try this
at home.
In the long run, consumers did not appear to have been greatly punished
at the pump for using
ethanol.
At some point, though, corn
ethanol will hit a wall.
The biotech companies claim a 30-fold reduction since 2000, from about $ 5.60 per gallon of
ethanol to
at most 18 cents; NREL puts the cost
at 32 cents.
The «plus»
at Corn Plus is ethyl alcohol, better known as
ethanol.
«We're looking
at wood chips and other feedstock sources that are not necessarily in the mainstream for
ethanol but are in abundance in our region.
Ethanol from places like Corn Plus travels by barge or railroad to distribution terminals, then is combined with gasoline
at the rack where tanker trucks load up.
Robert Reynolds, a consultant who has studied
ethanol infrastructure for the Department of Energy, says
ethanol would have to make up
at least 30 percent of the gasoline supply to justify the expense of making current oil pipelines fit for sharing.
Thomas Foust, the biotechnology manager
at NREL, says the cost of making
ethanol from cellulose has dropped to $ 2.26 a gallon or less.
«The idea is that a small reduction in alcohol — such as beer with four per cent
ethanol content versus six per cent — would reduce alcohol intake per drinker even if the same overall amount of beverage is consumed,» says Dr. Jürgen Rehm, lead author and Director of the Institute for Mental Health Policy Research
at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Canada.
The goal, however, is $ 1.07 — what NREL and the Energy Department figured was the cost to make a gallon of
ethanol from corn kernels
at the time NREL made the enzyme pact.
Adding new infrastructure
at the terminals did not prove daunting; railroads delivered tank cars full of
ethanol on time.
The FAA has already approved
at least one biofuel —
ethanol — as an alternative fuel for two types of aircraft and engines, including the Piper Pawnee powered by Lycoming IO - 540 engines.
Both Brazilian sugarcane farmers who turn excess to
ethanol and Chinese city dwellers who enjoy hot tea thanks to solar water heaters don't realize it but they are
at the forefront of what an international panel of scientists hopes the future will look like.
She and her colleagues
at Helios, a joint project of U.C. Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, want to build an artificial leaf that drips
ethanol, or some other alcohol, which you could pump right into your gas tank.
Michael Oshinsky
at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and colleagues tested the effect of low doses of
ethanol — about the equivalent of a single drink — on rats prone to migraines.
Chemists
at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are closing in on cheap ways to make cellulosic
ethanol, a form of
ethanol derived from agricultural waste rather than food crops like soybeans or corn.
Max Shauck, chair of the Baylor Institute for Air Science (who flew an
ethanol - powered prop plane
at air shows in the 1980s), has converted
at least 1,000 such aircraft in Brazil, a country that has weaned itself from foreign oil by embracing
ethanol domestically produced from sugarcane.
Previously developed techniques for generating hydrogen from
ethanol are best suited to large - scale production
at specialized facilities, however, because they require external sources of heat.
At first Clanton thought the culprit was a widely used livestock feed called Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), a cereal - like byproduct of
ethanol distillation.