Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader
in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning sugar cane into fuel for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper than
corn - based production
in the U.S.
«The study says it will be very hard to make a biofuel that has a better greenhouse gas impact than gasoline using
corn residue,» which puts it
in the same boat as
corn - based
ethanol, said David Tilman, a professor at the University of Minnesota who has done research on biofuels» emissions
from the farm to the tailpipe.
Later this year the company is scheduled to finish a $ 200 million - plus facility
in Nevada, Iowa, that will produce 30 million gallons of cellulosic
ethanol using
corn residue
from nearby farms.
«The uses for
corn in ethanol production coupled with drought conditions throughout the Midwest growing regions have led to dramatic price increases affecting everything
from prepared foods to animal feed for our dairy and meat products,» he states.
After a much - quoted warning that «America is addicted to oil»
in this year's State of the Union address, President Bush called for «cutting - edge methods of producing
ethanol, not just
from corn but
from wood chips and stalks or switchgrass.
If we could find an effective way to convert it,
corn residue could provide another 20 billion gallons of
ethanol by around 2040, according to a recent report
from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
in Tennessee.
Between 2003 and 2007,
corn - based
ethanol production
in the United States rose
from 2 billion to 5 billion gallons.
Chemists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are closing
in on cheap ways to make cellulosic
ethanol, a form of
ethanol derived
from agricultural waste rather than food crops like soybeans or
corn.
The United States expanded its federal biofuels mandate
in a 2007 law to reach 36 billion gallons by 2022, with up to 15 billion gallons coming
from corn ethanol and the balance
from so - called advanced biofuels like cellulosic
ethanol.
Commercial - scale efforts have existed for over a hundred years that convert
corn, sugar cane and other plant - based substances into a wide array of products, ranging
from fuel such as
corn - based
ethanol to ingredients
in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
The E. coli can be grown
in large fermentation tanks, exactly like those used to brew
ethanol from corn, and have also been genetically tweaked to tolerate high concentrations of BDO
in their water.
Obama has, however, also been a supporter of
ethanol made primarily
from corn — a prominent industry
in his home state of Illinois — and recently told farmers he supports federal mandates to make nine billion gallons (34 billion liters) of
ethanol to use as fuel this year.
That result contrasts sharply with a controversial study published just over a year ago
in Science that suggested that a mixture of prairie grasses farmed with little fertilizer or other inputs would produce a higher net energy yield than
ethanol produced
from corn (Science, 8 December 2006, p. 1598).
Today most
ethanol in the United States is made
from corn, using an energy - intensive process that may not actually save a lot of fossil fuel, and
in any case America can not produce enough
ethanol from corn to really matter.
The U.S. Department of Energy has provided more than $ 1 billion
in federal funds to support research to develop cellulosic biofuels, including
ethanol made
from corn stover.
That method could make a difference
in cellulosic biofuel plants, which produce
ethanol from waste products —
corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance
in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow
corn for fuel rather than for food.
Ethanol from corn or sugarcane and biodiesel
from canola, soy or palm oil have become major players
in renewable energy.
As someone that has spent a fair amount of time looking at the GHG impacts of
ethanol from a LCA perspective, I think everyone is
in agreement that
corn is the least beneficial, while sugarcane and cellulosic are the most promisisng.
The staff of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has posted three new Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) fuel pathway applications to the LCFS public comments website: one for
corn ethanol (from Heartland Corn Products in Minnesota) and one ARB staff - developed pathway (with two scenarios) for the production of... Read mo
corn ethanol (
from Heartland
Corn Products in Minnesota) and one ARB staff - developed pathway (with two scenarios) for the production of... Read mo
Corn Products
in Minnesota) and one ARB staff - developed pathway (with two scenarios) for the production of... Read more →
Briefly, 25 μCi [11,12 - 3H]- retinol (PerkinElmer, 44 Ci / mmol)
in ethanol was mixed with 1 ml
corn oil (Sigma - Aldrich) and 200 μl was administered by gavage to mice fasted
from 4 am until 9 am.
Analysis by Kansas State grain scientists found that next generation DDGs (left - overs
from the production of
ethanol that includes residues of yeast) contain 50.8 percent crude protein, compared with 47.8 percent
in soybean meal or 67.1 percent
in corn gluten meal.
The food shortages and riots that have wracked the world
in recent months,
from the Philippines to Egypt to Haiti, have starkly dramatized the moral bankruptcy inherent
in our government's continued subsidies for the production of
corn ethanol.
The lead author of one of the studies referenced
in Elisabeth Rosenthal's recent article says
in a policy brief that ``... switching
from gasoline to
corn ethanol doubles greenhouse gas emissions for every mile driven.»
While
ethanol, for example derived
from corn but distilled
in a facility powered by coal was,
in fact, on average worse, than gasoline, some of the envisioned cellulosic - based biofuels could be dramatically better on a g CO2 eq / MJ basis.
If I produced
corn ethanol, and the price of oil went up, I'd charge a lot more for my
ethanol to maximize profitability while my competitor's prices were high, which,
in a nutshell is why
ethanol does little to protect consumers
from oil price spikes.
The two scientists calculated all the fuel inputs for
ethanol production —
from the diesel fuel for the tractor planting the
corn, to the fertilizer put
in the field, to the energy needed at the processing plant — and found that
ethanol is a net energy - loser.
The
ethanol lobby claims there's a 30 percent net gain
in BTUs
from ethanol made
from corn.
We'll also fund additional research
in cutting - edge methods of producing
ethanol, not just
from corn, but
from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass.
The predominant biofuel produced
in the U.S. is
ethanol derived
from corn.
And there was this: «By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions
from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported
in 2008, «we found that
corn - based
ethanol, instead of producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»
The authors added, «[O] ur analysis shows that carbon releases
from the soil after planting
corn for
ethanol may
in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to biofuel generation for at least 50 years.»
«Depending on prior land use, our analysis shows that carbon releases
from the soil after planting
corn for
ethanol may
in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to biofuel generation for at least 50 years,» they note.
Making
ethanol from corn reduces atmospheric releases of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide because the CO2 emitted when the
ethanol burns is «canceled out» by the carbon dioxide taken
in by the next crop of growing plants, which use it
in photosynthesis.
This extra water use stems
from the irrigation of crops like
corn that are turned into
ethanol, or
in the production of the electricity for recharging hybrids.
It cited «plausible scenarios
in which GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions
from corn - grain
ethanol are much higher than those of petroleum - based fuels,» and questioned the method by which EPA determined that
ethanol would produce 21 percent less emissions.
The 88 percent figure is what the Wang study concluded would be accomplished by
ethanol made
from switchgrass, which holds greater promise of greenhouse gas reduction than
corn - based
ethanol, but isn't yet being produced
in large quantities.
From 2007 to 2013, corn ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying for more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million in campaign contributions — for a fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines, requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide than gasol
From 2007 to 2013,
corn ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying for more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million
in campaign contributions — for a fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines, requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and
from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide than gasol
from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide than gasoline.
It's now well - established that large - scale U.S. production of biofuels such as
ethanol from corn has accomplished little or nothing (or even negative)
in its stated goals of reducing oil dependence and cutting emissions of greenhouse gases, and has functioned instead as a full - employment program for agribusiness (and a political production racket for Iowa and other
corn - growing states).
Because land - use decisions are local, Geyer explains, he and his colleagues examined five prominent «sun - to - wheels» energy conversion pathways —
ethanol from corn or switchgrass for internal combustion vehicles, electricity
from corn or switchgrass for BEVs, and PV electricity for BEVs — for every county
in the contiguous United States.
Just growing
corn and preserving it
in a salt mine forever whilst making gasoline
from coal or natural gas will even capture far more carbon than using it for
ethanol does.
At the moment, most of this comes
from ethanol produced by
corn, and
in the future plans are to power vehicles
from forests, oil crops such as oil palm and soya for biodiesel, and other biomass.
The illustrious green movement who killed nuclear power
in 1970s and brought about global warming by scrubbing shade - producing particulates
from smokestacks and tailpipes are now bent on using a ginned up catastrophic climate change scenario to keep the price of oil elevated
in order to keep the profit incentive alive for stupid expensive alternatives like windmills and
ethanol from corn.
Trees may not take as much CO2 out of the air as
corn plants do but they only have to take out less than half as much, since three to four times as much CO2 is
in the whole
corn plant as there is
in the
ethanol produced
from it.
In the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, Congress said that of the 36 billion gallons of biofuel it wants produced by 2022, 15 billion gallons must come
from corn - based
ethanol and at least 16 billion gallons
from cellulosic biofuels.
One hundred percent of the CO2
from burning
ethanol in automobiles comes
from the
corn plant and was taken
from the air.
By the time you harvest Brazilian sugarcane by hand, burn it for production power, burn what's left over
in the field, ship it
from refineries to the dock, load it onto ocean going ships burning bunker, the dirtiest fuel available, then ship it thousands of miles to terminals
in California and distribute it to retail outlets — It's Not going to be environmentally superior to shipping American
ethanol from the
Corn Belt.
The use of
ethanol produced
from corn in the U.S. and sugar cane
in Brazil has given birth to the commercialization of an alternative fuel that is coming to show substantial promise, particularly as new feedstocks are developed.
But that turned out to be not just environmentally destructive but was also arguably responsible for the spike
in food prices that soon followed, as farmers turned away
from cultivating
corn for human consumption to cultivating it for
ethanol production.
Let's not forget
ethanol is made
from food crops such as
corn and right now there's a drought
in much of the Midwest, which is causing
corn and other crop prices to rise.
This new book has a chapter, «Changing the Conversation at GM,» that
in four pages describes the company's journey
from its «Live Green, Go Yellow» promotion of
corn ethanol to the Chevy Volt.